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Intro clinical lab > Unit 5 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Urinalysis

A

The study of urine and it’s physical, chemical, and microscopic properties.

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2
Q

Medical doctors can order _________ studies you determine the presence of a urinary tract infection, diabetes, metabolic disease, dehydration, and many other conditions.

A

Urinalysis

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3
Q

Hematology

A

The study of the cellular components of the blood.

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4
Q

What cells in the blood are analyzed in the hematology department?

A
  1. Red blood cells
  2. White blood cells
  3. Platelets
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5
Q

What type of blood cells help TRANSPORT oxygen to tissue and return carbon dioxide to the lungs.

A

Red blood cells

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6
Q

What type of blood cells help FIGHT bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic infection.

A

White blood cells

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7
Q

What type of blood cells participate in clot formation?

A

Platelets

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8
Q

Cells in the ____ blood can analyzed to determine The presence of anemia bacterial infection leukemia parasite infection and acute/chronic blood loss and several other conditions.

A

Peripheral

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9
Q

The ______ Department test for the presence of substances used to diagnose monitor and treat patients.

A

Chemistry

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10
Q

List five substances that can be tested in the clinical chemistry department?

A
  1. electrolytes
  2. enzymes
  3. lipids
  4. metals
  5. drug metabolites
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11
Q

List examples of electrolytes?

A

Sodium (Na+)
Potassium (K+)
Chloride (Cl-)
Bicarbonate (HCO3-)

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12
Q

List examples of enzymes

A

Alkaline (ALP)
Troponin (trop)
Aspartate (AST)

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13
Q

List examples of lipids

A

Triglycerides (trig)
Low density lipoprotein (LDL)
High density lipoprotein (HDL)

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14
Q

List examples of metals

A

Iron (Fe)
Mercury (He)
Lead (Pb)

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15
Q

Drug metabolites

A 
Cocaine
Tetrahdrocannabional (THC)
Amphetamines 
Phencyclidine (PCP)
Dilation 
Vancomycin
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16
Q

The _______ department screens specimens for the presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi.

A

Microbiology

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17
Q

What type of medical professional can perform antibiotic susceptibility testing on bacteria to help clinicians prescribe the most effective antibiotic to treat their patients?

A

Microbiologist

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18
Q

The _______ department (blood bank) detects the presence of antigens on red blood cells and antibodies that can provoke an immune reaction.

A

Immunohematology

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19
Q

What is the primary goal of the blood bank operator?

A

Correctly identify patients and donors blood type

Identify antibodies that may cause immune reaction

Cross match compatible blood products to patients.

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20
Q

List the main functions of the urinary system

A

Maintain pH

Participate in metabolism

Regulate water balance

Excrete waste products

Produces urine which ultra filtrate of the blood

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21
Q

List the types of analysis for analyzing urine

A

Physical

Chemical

Microscopic

22
Q

Urinalysis helps to determine the presence of?

A

Disease

Infection

Metabolic disorder

Drugs of abuse

23
Q

List types of urine collection.

A

First morning
-more concentrated

Random
-less sterile

Mid-stream
-collected mid-way through urination
PREFERRED

Clean catch
-patient must cleanse urethral opening before urination

Catheterized
-most sterile

24
Q

Urine specimen should be examine within what amount of time?
Or be refrigerated at ____ up to __ hours?

A

1 hour

4 -6 C

8

25
Failure to examine under specific conditions could result in inaccurate results of ...
INCREASE bacteria DECREASE glucose INCREDIBLE pH DECREASE ketones Decomposition of casts
26
Urinalysis color scale
``` Light yellow Yellow Amber Red brown ```
27
Physical examination of urine COLOR: | Light yellow, pale yellow, straw
Present in more dilute specimens
28
Physical examination of urine COLOR: | Yellow
Most often seen in normal urine
29
Physical examination of urine COLOR: | Amber
Indicates presence of bilirubin which could be result of liver damage
30
Physical examination of urine COLOR: | Red
May be result of blood in urine
31
Physical examination of urine COLOR: | Brown
May be result of melanoma
32
Physical examination of urine CLARITY: | Clear
Normal Fresh urine
33
Physical examination of urine CLARITY: | Slightly cloudy or Hazy
Normal Concentrated Mucous, sperm, prostate fluid, skin cells, urine crystals, contaminates
34
Physical examination of urine CLARITY: | Cloudy
Fresh - bacterial infection Old- bacterial growth from delayed processing
35
Physical examination of urine CLARITY: | Turbid
Uti/sti Protein Kidney failure
36
Chemical examination of urine: what do reagent test strips test?
pH protein Glucose Ketone Bilirubin Blood Urobilinogen Specific gravity Leukocytes Bacteria
37
Within what amount of time should you test FRESH urine?
One hour
38
When should you test a refrigerated urine sample?
Allow the sample to return to room temp.
39
Describe the process of using urinalysis multistory test strips.
1. Dip testing strip in urine specimen 2. Assure eye sting pads are completely covered 3. Blot excess urine 4. Compare testing pads to color chart to grade reaction
40
Chemical examination of urine Reagent: pH
Measures ACIDITY or ALKALINITY of urine
41
Chemical examination of urine Reagent: Protein
Detects the presence of protein in urine (proteinuria) Seen in renal disease & UTI
42
Chemical examination of urine Reagent: Glucose
Measure glucose in urine (glycosuria). Indicates blood glucose levels have exceeded renal threshold. Seen in diabetics.
43
Chemical examination of urine Reagent: Ketones
Excreted as a biproduct of fatty acid metabolism (ketonuria). Seen in diabetics.
44
Chemical examination of urine Reagent: Bilirubin
Biproduct of hemoglobin breakdown. | Seen in liver disease and bile duct obstruction.
45
Chemical examination of urine Reagent: Blood
Detects presence of blood in urine (hematuria) | Can indicate infection, trauma, or bleeding of the kidneys
46
Chemical examination of urine Reagent: Urobilinogen
Is a product of bilirubin degradation. | Elevated in presence of hepatic and/or hemolytic disease.
47
Chemical examination of urine Reagent: Nitrite
Produced by gram negative bacteria converting nitrate to nitrite. Can indicate infection if present in fresh specimen. Old specimen possible contamination.
48
Chemical examination of urine Reagent: Leukocyte Esterase
Produced by white blood cells in urine (pyuria). Can indicate UTI.
49
Microscopic observation of urine: | cells
- red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes) - White Blood Cells (Leukocytes) - epithelial cells - spermatoza
50
microscopic observation of urine: | microorganisms
bacteria yeast parasites
51
microscopic observation of urine: c_____ & c _____
crystal & casts

Intro clinical lab (9 decks)

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