Unit 5:Wide area networks

Question 1

what is a fiber optic cable

Answer 1

connects various parts of a network. Different buildings, same buildings ,a campus environment and other wide areas

Question 2

why would you use fiber optic cabling instead

Answer 2

the speed and the lack of attenuation

Question 3

WAN

Answer 3

it is not confined to one area and can be owned by multiple organizations

Question 4

what is an example of WAN

Answer 4

the internet, aka WAN or GAN

Question 5

what is the function of WAN

Answer 5

to connect users and applications from different LANs

Question 6

Gateways

Answer 6

these are devices that provide connectivity between 2 r more network segments , aka protocol converters

Question 7

router

Answer 7

can also act as a gateway. A router can see both the mac address and the IP addresses but cannot repackage

Question 8

name the 3 layers that a router contains

Answer 8

• physical layer
• datalink layer
• network layer

Question 9

Transmission

Answer 9

radio waves are used for for wireless transmission of sound, messages or information as well as for communication with sea vessels and aircraft navigation

Question 10

satellite communication

Answer 10

the use of satellite technology to provide voice and video calling ,internet ,television and radio channels. They can span long distances and can operate under circumstances or conditions which would make other forms of communication impossible

Question 11

what are the features of satellite communication

Answer 11

=the satellites used in satellite communications are usually in geostationary orbit.
=they are available globally .Not just on land but at sea as well. Large distances can be covered quite easily
=very reliable unlike other forms of communication
=expensive to setup ad has higher data costs
=more secure than other forms of communication and used is used by the military
=also provide weather information
=can be helpful in times of disasters as the services rarely fail.
=high amount of data can be transmitted with the help of satellites.

Question 12

what does satellite communication usually comprise of

Answer 12

=transponder
=antenna
=communication payload
=switching systems 
=command 
=control system

Question 13

microwave

Answer 13

a communications system that uses a beam of radio waves in the microwave frequency range to transmit video, audio or data between two locations which can be from just a few meters apart to several kilometers apart

Question 14

cell?

Answer 14

A mobile phone network consist of many signal areas called cells. They overlap with each other to create coverage for a large area .Within each cell there is a base station or a mobile phone tower, which sends and receives the mobile transmissions .Cells will be smaller in size in a more densely populated areas because of the any users in the area. Devices with a sim card can connect to a mobile network using 3G,4G,5G and LTE .

Question 15

3G

Answer 15

this is the third generation of mobile data technology. Supports many larger data formats such as HTML pages, videos and music .The speeds were still pretty slow ad mostly required pages and data specially formatted for these slower wireless connections .

Question 16

LTE

Answer 16

Long Term Evolution is an improvement over 3G but not substantial enough to qualify as a new generation. Made improvements over 3G but technically not 4G

Question 17

4G

Answer 17

provided faster connection speeds and mobile hotspots .Unlike 3G, 4G allows users to view digital media on their mobile devices ,including streaming videos ,rich multimedia apps, and high-quality music. Users can start watching a movie in seconds without worrying about long load times and buffering

Question 18

5G

Answer 18

presumed to be smarter ,faster, and more efficient than 4G.It promises mobile data speeds that far outstrip the fastest home broadband network currently available

Question 19

Low latency

Answer 19

is a key difference 4G and 5G.This means that you can download and upload files much faster than before ,without worrying about slow connectivity. You can be able to watch a video almost immediately without having to experience any buffering time.

Question 20

Wi-Fi calling

Answer 20

let’s you make a call to a phone number over the internet at no additional cost to the data cost. It is also useful when you can connect to a WIFI network but are unable to connect to a cell phone network. WIFI calling is a function that is installed on your phone and can be used by applications such as facetime, WhatsApp of Facebook.

Question 21

Fiber

Answer 21

Fiber uses fiber optic cables to transmit data. Fiber internet is also referred to as superfast broadband. This means that data has the potential to travel at the speed of light and isn’t affected by your distance from the exchange.
=fiber internet users enjoy the fastest seeds which is particularly beneficial TV streaming services ,online gaming .
=beneficial to large businesses conducting most of their work online or via the cloud.
=It is cheaper than ADSL broadband.

Question 22

ADSL

Answer 22

uses telephone lines to transmit data along copper cables from your nearest telephone exchange to your home or office. The further you are from the exchange ,the slower your speeds will be. ADSL is being replaced by faster fiber connections.
=ADSL Uses telephone lines to transmit data along copper cables from your nearest telephone to your home or office. Copper cables are often affected by bottlenecks: the more internet traffic, the slower your download speeds-just like traffic on the roads.
=ADSL provides acceptably perfect speeds form 1mbph to 40mbph for most internet activities, including browsing and email

Question 23

Bandwidth

Answer 23

is the amount of data that can be transmitted from one point to another in a certain amount of time

Question 24

internet speed

Answer 24

the rate at which information or data travels from the web to your device, be it a computer, tablet of smartphone. It is measure in megabits per second.

Question 25

name the 3 email protocols

Answer 25

SMTP
POP3
IMAP

Question 26

SMTP

Answer 26

Simple mail transfer protocol is used when email id delivered from an email client to an email server or when email is delivered from one email server to the other
=they use port 25
=usually used for outgoing emails while incoming email is usually uses POP3 or IMAP

Question 27

POP3

Answer 27

Post office protocol allows an email client to download an email from an email server.
=offers no additional feature other than download.
=designed to instruct the email client to download all available email from the server and then delete the mail from the server and finally disconnect from the server .
=POP3 normally uses port 110

Question 28

IMAP

Answer 28

Internet message access protocol is like POP3 protocol ;the email client can download email form the email server .
=offers more features than POP3 .
=allow the user to keep their email on the email server which is useful if you use many devices to access the email.
=require greater disk space for each client on the server and more CPU resources on the client’s machine than POP
=Usually uses port 143

Question 29

Web protocols

Answer 29

a protocol is simply a set of rules which enable the connection ,the communication and data transfer between 2 places on a network.

Question 30

name the 2 transfer protocols

Answer 30

=HTTP

=HTTPS

Question 31

HTTP

Answer 31

is the standard protocol for transferring web pages and their content across the internet. Most of the web will use HTTP as the default protocol ,this means if you simply type in a URL the browser will automatically add http in front of the web address

Question 32

HTTPS

Answer 32

Hyper text transfer protocol over secure socket layer is a secure version of http .It is used mainly on web pages that ask you to provide personal or sensitive information such as credit cards details.

Question 33

how can you the SSL certificate

Answer 33

check the validity of the certificate by double clicking on the browser’s padlock icon. The padlock icon only appears when you view a secure site.

Question 34

name the 2 download protocols

Answer 34

=FTP

=WebDAV

Question 35

FTP

Answer 35

File transfer protocol is used to transfer files across the internet. It is used for displaying the file in your browser .FTP is usually simple to transfer the file from one computer to a specified location on anther computer. You can use it to transfer the files from your computer to a remote computer or to transfer from the remoter computer to your local computer.

Question 36

WebDAV

Answer 36

Web Based distributed authoring and versioning is an extension of the http protocol used for communication between client browsers and web servers. It is an open standard which can be implemented on UNIX servers as well as Windows servers. It is widely used for applications that require users to collaboratively edit and manage files on remote servers.