Networks Flashcards
Centralised network
a single server responsible for some or all the processing
Decentralised network
workload distributed amongst several machine instead of relying on a single central server
Distributed processing
computer systems that utilise more than one computer or processor to run a single application
thin client
a desktop terminal that has no hard drive
Fat client
a networked computer where the most required software is stored locally with limited dependence on network resources
Smart client
applications that store most of their data remotely on the internet but use the processing power and resources of the local device
WAN
a network usually for connecting computers that spans a w ide geographical area
Peer-to-peer file sharing
programs that allow computers to download files and make them available to other users on the network
Advantages of Peer-to-peer file sharing
- Easy file sharing - share quickly over large distances
- Reduced costs - no need for a separate computer
- Adaptability - flexible to new clients
- Reliability
- High performance
Centralised downloading
- Slow
- Single point of failure
- High bandwidth usage for server
Decentralised P2P downloading
- Fast
- No single point of failure
- All downloaders are also uploaders
Bandwidth
maximum amount of data transmitted over an internet connection in a given amount of time
Disadvantages of Peer-to-peer file sharing
- Files can be easily shared without noticing
- Security risks increase
- Malware is possible
BitTorrent
a peer-to-peer protocol in which multiple peers in a swarm (group of computers uploading and downloading on the same torrent) transfer data between each other without the need for a central server
BitTorrent tracker
a type of server that assists in the communication between peers using the BitTorrent protocol
FTP
a standard client-server protocol which allows exchange of files between computers
WebDAV
an open standard extension of the HTTP protocol used for communication between client browsers and web servers
Remote access
the ability to access a computer or device from a remote location. it gives you control of an entire computer
VPN
network that connects remote users to a private internal network using the internet. the data is sent in a virtual tunnel and is highly encrypted and secured
Uses of VPNs
- Protection
- Anonymity
- Censorship
Advantages of remote access
- Remote access of a computer’s resources
- Reduced costs
- Improved productivity
- Cost (free software packages)
Disadvantages of remote access
- Malware risks
- Susceptibility to data loss, phishing, ransomware etc.
- Strangers could access your personal files
Advantages of VPNs
- Remote access of a network’s resources
- Reduced costs
- Improved productivity
- Cost
- Improved security
- Anonymity
- Buying cheap tickets
Disadvantages of VPNs
- VPN service providers can track what you do on the web while on the VPN
- leaks can occur if the provider has poorly configured encryption
IoT
the network of physical object that are embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies for the purpose of connecting and exchanging data with other devices and systems over the internet.
Uses of IoT
- Manufacturing
- Transportation
- Agriculture
- Home automation
Advantages of IoT
- Cost saving
- Saved time
- Quality of life
- Workflow changes
- Paperless systems
Disadvantages of IoT
- Replaces many jobs
- Difficulty managing a large number of connected devices
- Possibility of hacking increases
Surface web
the part of the www that is indexed by search engines and searchable with standard web search engines
Deep web
made up of non-indexed pages and cannot be accessed by a search engine
Dark web
part of the internet that is not indexed by search engines. It is hidden from search engines, uses masked IP addresses and is accessible only with a special web browser
Tor / Onion router
an open source software project initially developed by the U.S navy to provide anonymous communication on the internet
GPS
a satellite-based navigation system made up of at least 24 satellites
Advantages of GPS
- Works in any weather condition
- Works anywhere in the world
- Works 24 hours a day
- No subscription or setup charges
Location-Based Services
services which uses the geographical position of a device to provide contextual information
Uses of LBS
- Locates stores
- Proximity-based marketing
- Travel information
- Roadside assistance
- Mobile workforce management
- Fraud prevention
- Social networking
Cloud computing
the use of on-demand computer service over the internet
Advantages of cloud computing
- Saves costs
- Accessed anywhere that has internet access 3. Cloud storage data is not lost when a computer is damaged
- Saves storage on devices
- Easy sharing of data 6. Has advanced security feauture
Disadvantages of cloud computing
- Requires a reliable internet connection
- Uploading and downloading data from the cloud can be slower
- Not all cloud storage is secure
Cloud application
a more advanced form of web-based applications. it needs a web browser to run but are not totally reliant on the web browser to function
Subscription licenses
month-to-month or annual licenses that are paid by the user and allows the user access to the software or service for the next month or year
Pay-as-you-go licenses
allows you to pay only for services that you use
Pay-by-instance licenses
you pay for what you need or use only
Digital signature
where a user can sign a document by encrypting data with their private key
Secure Sockets Layer
a commonly used protocol for managing the security when transmitting data on the internet
Digital certificate
data file issued by a Certificate Authority (CA) to an organisation to prove the identity of the organisation
PKI
the core technology that relies on the use of the two related public and private keys to manage identity and security in internet communications
Blockchain
a decentralised, distributed and public digital ledger to create trust. they act as a shared database
SEO
a combination of strategies to increase the amount of visitors to a website by obtaining a high-ranking placement in the Search Engine Page Results
