Unit 5: What are the impacts of Chemical Industry Flashcards
1
Q
Acids
A
- Have hydrogen ions (H+ ion)
- Sour
- When dissolved in water, they lose their H+ ion to make hydroxonium (H3O) with the water - Arrhenius
- Litmus paper is red
- Methyl Orange changes color
- Examples: (Citric Acid - Lemons, Vinegar, Lactic Acid - Milk)
- pH less than 7
- Lower pH - stronger acid
- Naturally occurring
- Proton Donor (Loses H+ ion) - Bronsted Lowry
- Make good electrolytes
- Corrosive
- Acids ending in ‘ic’ are usually ate polyatomic ions
2
Q
pH
A
power of Hydrogen
- Concentration of H+ ions in a substance
- Scale from 0-14
- 7 is neutral (pH of water)
- 10 x change in concentration with 1 change in pH
- Lower pH is more acidic
- 10^-pH is the concentration of H+ ions
- The further away the pH is from 7, the better the electric conductivity
- -log(base 10) of concentration (M/litres)
3
Q
Alkalis
A
- Ionic compounds made of alkali and alkali earth metals (groups 1 and 2)
- Phenolplaytin changes color to pink
- A base that dissolves in water
- Form Hydroxide ion in water - (Arrhenius)
4
Q
Base
A
- Slippery and Bitter
- pH greater than 7
- Litmus paper is blue
- Proton Acceptor (Gains H+ ion) - Brownsted Lowry
- Includes Hydroxides, Carbanions, Amides, Hydrides (group 1)
5
Q
Brownstead Lowry Theory
A
- Acid: Proton (H+ ion) donor
- Base: Proton (H+ ion) acceptor
6
Q
Arrhenius Base
A
- Dissociates in water to form OH-
7
Q
Conjugate Acid/Base
A
- Differ by a proton (H+ ion)
- One with proton is acid
- One without proton is base
- Different sides of same reaction
- Water can act as a base and an acid (Neutral)
8
Q
Strong Acid/Alkali
A
- One that dissociates completely in water
9
Q
Neutralization
A
- Acids and bases add to form salt + water
- Double Displacement Reactions
10
Q
Arrhenius Acid
A
- Dissociated in water to form H+
