Unit 1: What is Matter? Flashcards
Cohesion
The attraction of particles to themselves
- he action or property of like molecules sticking together, being mutually attractive.
Adhesion
The attraction of particles to other particles
- tendency of dissimilar particles to stick to each other (not bonded)
Meniscus Error
- Caused by a curve at the test tube
- Read the value at the bottom of the curve
Parallax Error
- Direct line of vision to the test tube/container
Law of Conservation of Mass
The total mass of matter does not change during a chemical reaction
Kinetic Theory
- the body of theory which explains the physical properties of matter in terms of the motions of its constituent particles.
Air Pressure
- Result of millions of tiny collisions within gas particles.
Changes in states of matter
- 3 states (solid, liquid, gas)
- involves matter absorbing or losing thermal energy
- completely reversible
- the forces of attraction between particles are changing (strengthening and weakening)
- average separation distance is changing
- thermal expansion and contraction
Thermal Expansion and Contraction
- tendency of matter to change its shape, area, volume, and density in response to a change in temperature
- not state changes
- Matter expands when heated
- Particles do not expand, space taken does
Solid
- Fixed volume
- Fixed Shape
- Strongly Bonded
- Ordered Structure
- Not compressible
- Does not flow
- Vibrations
Liquid
- Fixed volume
- Not fixed Shape
- Moderately Strongly Bonded
- Unordered Structure
- Not compressible
- Does flow (Fluid)
- Sliding
Gas
- Not fixed volume
- Not fixed Shape
- Weakly Bonded
- Unordered Structure
- Compressible
- Does flow (Fluid)
- Collisions
Plateau
- Flat area on change of states graph
- Undergoing Boiling, Melting (gaining heat)
- Undergoing Freezing, Condensation (losing heat)
- No change in temperature
Vaporization
- liquid to gaseous form
- Boiling: In large mass
- Evaporation: Flat, smaller mass
- Gaining heat
Melting
- Solid to liquid form
- Gaining Heat
Condensation
- Gaseous to Liquid form
- Losing Heat
Freezing
- Liquid to Solid form
- Losing Heat
STP
- Standard Temperature, Pressure
- 0 degrees Celsius (273.15 Kelvin)
- 100 kPA (1 x Atmospheric Pressure)
SATP
- Standard Ambient Temperature, Pressure
- 25 degrees Celsius (298.15 Kelvin)
- 100 kPA (1x Atmospheric Pressure)
Density
- Mass/Volume
- kg/m^3
Particle Movement
- Bending
- Symmetric Stretching
- Asymmetric Stretching
- Rotational Movement
- Translational Movement
Diffusion
Movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration
Concentration
concentration is the ratio of solute in a solution to either solvent or total solution.
Rate of Diffusion Factors
- mass of the solute
- the temperature of the environment
- the solvent density,
- the distance traveled.
Kelvin
- Unit for temperature
- C + 273.15 = K
- 0 Kelvin is coldest possible temperature
Pure Substance
- Only one kind of substance (compound or element)
- A Sample of matter with constant composition and distinct chemical properties.
Element
-Pure substance of atoms with same number of protons
Homogenous Mixture
mixture that has the same proportions of its components throughout any given sample
Heterogenous Mixture
any mixture that is not uniform in composition - it’s a non-uniform mixture of smaller constituent parts
Compound
- Pure substance of molecules (atoms with bonds)
Impure Substance
- Multiple different substances
- A sample of matter that contains traces of other elements or compounds in itself.
Volume
3D space occupied by an object
matter
- m^3
