Unit 4: How do atoms bond?

Question 1

Ionic Bonds

Answer 1

• Between metals and non-metals
• Metals give electrons to nonmetals
• Create anions and cations that are attracted to each other
• Ion charges cancel each other out
• Electrostatic Attraction
• Regular Alternating Lattice Structure is created
• High Melting and Boiling Points
• Brittle (Repulsion between like charges causes them to shatter)
• Named with metal + nonmetal +ide
• if oxygen is present - it becomes ate or ite

Question 2

Cubic Structures

Answer 2

• Body-Centered Cubic

- Face Centered Cubic

Question 3

Covalent Bonds

Answer 3

• Between non-metals
• Non-metals ‘share’ electrons with other non metals
• Electrons are in multiple atoms’ orbitals
• Single bond = 1 pair of shared electrons
• Double bond = 2 pairs of shared electrons
• Triple bond = 3 pairs of shared electrons
• Low Boiling and Melting Points for simple
• Insoluble in water
• Insulators
• Exist as gases, volatile liquids or soft solids

Question 4

Giant covalent bonds

Answer 4

• No definied molecule
• A lot of covalently bonded atoms in a network
• endless (without a definied number of atoms)
• Extremely Hard
• High Melting and Boiling Point
• Non Conductors

Question 5

Intermolecular Forces

Answer 5

• Forces between different molecules/atoms of a substance

- The forces that need to be overcome in melting and boiling

Question 6

Intramolecular Forces

Answer 6

• Forces holding atoms together within a molecule (chemical bonds)
• The forces that need to be overcome in breaking chemical bonds.

Question 7

van der Waals Forces

Answer 7

Van der Waals forces include attraction and repulsions between atoms, molecules, and surfaces, as well as other intermolecular forces.