Unit 5 Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Manifest Destiny

A

widely held belief that settlers were destined to expand across North America

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2
Q

Samuel Morse

A

contributed to the invention of the telegraph; co-developer of Morse code

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3
Q

Wilmot Proviso

A

proposed to ban slavery in any territory acquired from Mexico in the Mexican War; did not pass through Congress

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4
Q

Bear Flag Republic

A

short-lived breakaway state that briefly controlled the area north of the San Francisco Bay in 1846

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5
Q

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

A

peace treaty signed on February 2, 1848 ending the Mexican War and ceding land to the Unites States

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6
Q

Mexican Cession

A

historical name for the region of the American Southwest that was ceded by Mexico after the Mexican War

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7
Q

Zachary Taylor

A

12th president of the US; war hero from the Mexican-American War nominated by the Whigs

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8
Q

Free-Soilers

A

single-issue party of Whigs and antislavery Democrats dedicated to preventing the spread of slavery

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9
Q

Bleeding Kansas

A

a series of violent political confrontations between the antislavery “Free-Staters” and the proslavery “Border Ruffians” between 1854 and 1861

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10
Q

Popular sovereignty

A

residents of a territory can decide whether or not slavery is allowed in that territory

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11
Q

Compromise of 1850

A

passed through Congress in 5 separate bills; admitted California as a free state, established popular sovereignty in Utah and New Mexico, and enacted a stronger fugitive slave law

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12
Q

Stephen Douglas

A

Democrat politician from Illinois who designed the Kansas-Nebraska Act; lost to Lincoln in the 1860 presidential race

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13
Q

Kansas-Nebraska Act

A

created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska and established popular sovereignty, drawing in both pro and antislavery groups & resulting in Bleeding Kansas

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14
Q

Secession

A

withdrawal of a group from a larger entity; usually a political entity like a country

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15
Q

Fugitive Slave Law

A

passed by Congress as a part of the Compromise of 1850; required that all escaped slaves be returned to their owners and required citizens to hunt them down, even in free states

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16
Q

Underground railroad

A

network of hiding places and “safe” trails utilized by enslaved people escaping their masters

17
Q

Dred Scott v. Sandford

A

landmark case in which Supreme Court Justice Roger Taney ruled that Black people were not US citizens and thus could not sue in federal court; nullified the Missouri Compromise and Kansas-Nebraska Act

18
Q

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

A

series of 7 debates between Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln and Democrat incumbent Stephen Douglas for the Illinois Senate seat (also known as the Great Debates of 1858)

19
Q

John Brown

A

radical American abolitionist who believed armed insurrection was the only way to overthrow slavery in the United States

20
Q

Harpers Ferry Raid

A

failed attempt by John Brown to initiate an armed slave revolt in 1859 by taking over the US arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, VA

21
Q

Uncle Toms’ Cabin

A

antislavery novel published by Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1852; set the framework for the Civil War

22
Q

Jefferson Davis

A

president of the Confederacy during the Civil War

23
Q

Greenbacks

A

fiat (not backed by gold or silver) paper money issued by the US government during the Civil War;

24
Q

Homestead Act

A

US federal laws that gave an applicant ownership of land (homestead) at little or no cost

25
Q

Anaconda Plan

A

planned blockade of Southern ports that called for an advance down the Mississippi River, cutting the South in two

26
Q

Gettysburg

A

Robert E. Lee’s Confederate Army was defeated, preventing them from expanding the Confederacy to Northern states

27
Q

Vicksburg

A

battle in which the North captured the last hold of the South on the Mississippi River, gaining control of the region and splitting the South

28
Q

Sherman’s March

A

led by General Sherman across the South using scorch earth warfare; high point was the burning of Atlanta

29
Q

Habeas corpus

A

legal concept that one is innocent until proven guilty; Lincoln suspended this right during the Civil war to arrest anti-Union/pro-Confederate advocates

30
Q

Emancipation Proclamation

A

presidential proclamation/executive order enacted by Lincoln on January 1, 1863 that freed over 3 million enslaved people in the United States

31
Q

13th amendment

A

outlawed slavery in the United States

32
Q

Draft riots

A

violent disturbances in New York City as a result of working-class discontent with the draft requiring them to serve in the Civil War

33
Q

Copperheads

A

Northern Peace Democrats who opposed the Civil War