Unit 5 - Urinalysis (vocab) Flashcards by Riley (USU)

Bowman’s capsule

the portion of the nephron that receives the glomerular filtrate

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cortex

the outer layer or portion of an organ

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cystitis

inflammation of the urinary bladder, usually caused by infection

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dialysate

in kidney dialysis, a solution used to draw waste products and excess fluid from the body

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distal convoluted tubule

the portion of a renal tubule that empties into the collecting tubule

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glomerular filtrate

the acellular, low-protein ultrafiltrate of plasma that passes from the glomerular capillary to the space of Bowman’s capsule and from which urine is formed

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glomerulonephritis

inflammation of the glomeruli

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glomerulus (pl. glomeruli)

a small bundle of capillaries that is the filtering portion of the nephron

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kidney

the organ in which urine is formed

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loop of Henle

the U-shaped portion of a renal tubule between its proximal and distal portions

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medulla

the inner or central portion of an organ

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nephron

the structural and functional unit of the kidney composed of a glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, and its associated renal tubule

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nephropathy

general term for kidney disease

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nephrotoxic

toxic or destructive to kidney cells

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peritoneum

a membrane lining the abdominal cavity and containing a fluid that keeps abdominal organs from adhering to the abdominal wall; parietal peritoneum

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proximal convoluted tubule

the portion of a renal tubule that collects the filtrate from Bowman’s capsule

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pyelitis

inflammation of the kidney and the renal pelvis, usually caused by an infection

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pyelonephritis

inflammation of the kidney and the renal pelvis, usually caused by an infection

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renal hilus

the concavity in the kidney where nerves and vessels enter or exit

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renal pelvis

the funnel-shaped expansion of the upper portion of the ureter that receives urine from the renal tubules

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renal threshold

the blood concentration above which a substance not normally excreted by the kidneys appears in urine

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renal tubule

a small tube of the nephron that collects and concentrates urine

tubular necrosis

death of the tissue comprising the renal tubules

ureter

the tube carrying urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder

urethra

the canal through which urine is discharged from the urinary bladder

urinary bladder

an organ for the temporary storage of urine

urinary tract infection (UTI)

an infection of the urinary tract, usually of the urethra

urine

excretory fluid produced by the kidneys

anuria

absence of urine production; failure of kidney function and suppression of urine production

clean-catch urine

a midstream sample collected after the urethral opening and surrounding tissues have been cleansed

midstream urine

a urine sample collected from the mid-portion of a urine stream

nocturia

excessive urination at night

oliguria

decreased production of urine

polyuria

excessive production of urine

random urine specimen

a urine specimen collected at any time, without regard to diet or time of day

amorphous

without definite shape

amorphous phosphates

granular crystals without uniform shape that can form in alkaline urine, give urine sediment a whitish appearance after centrifugation, and appear clear microscopically

amorphous urates

granular crystals without uniform shape that can form in acid urine, can give urine sediment a pink appearance after centrifugation, and appear yellowish microscopically

hematuria

the presence of blood in the urine

hemoglobinuria

the presence of hemoglobin in the urine

ketones

a group of chemical substances produced during increased fat metabolism; ketone bodies

maple syrup urine disease (MSUD)

a rare metabolic condition in which the amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine are not metabolized, causing the urine to have the odor of maple syrup

melanin

a dark pigment of skin, hair, and certain tumors

mucus

a substance secreted by cells lining the urethra and vagina and that can be present in urine

myoglobin

a pigmented, oxygen-carrying protein found in muscle tissue

opalescent

having a milky iridescence

phenylketonuria (PKU)

an inherited condition in which the amino acid phenylalanine is not metabolized, but is excreted into the urine and causes urine to have a mousy or musty odor

porphyrins

a group of light-sensitive, pigmented, ringed chemical structures that are required for the synthesis of hemoglobin

refractive index

the ratio of the speed of light in air to the speed of light in a solution

refractometer

an instrument for measuring the refractive index of a substance; also called a total solids meter

specific gravity (sp. gr.)

the ratio of the weight of a solution to the weight of an equal volume of distilled water; a measurement of density

turbid

having a cloudy appearance

urinometer

a float with a calibrated stem used for measuring specific gravity of urine; hydrometer

urochrome

the yellow pigment that gives urine its color