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MLT 1010 > Unit 3 - Basic Hemostasis (vocab) > Flashcards

Unit 3 - Basic Hemostasis (vocab) Flashcards

1
Q

adhesion

A

the act of two parts or surfaces sticking together

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2
Q

aggregation

A

the collecting of separate objects into one mass

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3
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

abnormal thickening and hardening of the arterial walls, causing loss of elasticity and impaired blood circulation

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4
Q

atherosclerosis

A

a form of arteriosclerosis in which lipids, calcium, cholesterol, and other substances deposit on the inner walls of the arteries

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5
Q

coagulation

A

the process of forming a fibrin clot

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6
Q

coagulation factors

A

a group of plasma proteins (and the mineral calcium) involved in blood clotting

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7
Q

collagen

A

a protein connective tissue found in skin, bone, ligaments, and cartilage

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8
Q

Coumadin

A

an anticoagulant drug derived from coumarin that is administered orally to prevent blood clotting or to reduce the risk of clots; a trade name for warfarin

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9
Q

D-dimer

A

the smallest cross-linked fibrin degradation fragment formed from the breakdown of polymerized fibrin by plasmin

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10
Q

embolus (pl. emboli)

A

a mass (clot) of blood or foreign matter carried in the circulation

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11
Q

endothelium

A

the layer of epithelial cells that lines blood vessels and the serous cavities of the body

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12
Q

FDPs

A

fibrinogen or fibrin monomer degradation products formed when plasmin cleaves fibrinogen or fibrin monomers into protein fragments; formerly called fibrin split products

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13
Q

fibrin

A

a protein formed from fibrinogen by the action of thrombin

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14
Q

fibrinogen

A

a plasma protein produced in the liver and converted to fibrin through the action of thrombin

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15
Q

fibrinolysis

A

enzymatic breakdown of a blood clot

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16
Q

glycoprotein

A

a protein molecule having a carbohydrate component

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17
Q

hemorrhage

A

uncontrolled bleeding

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18
Q

hemostasis

A

the process of stopping bleeding, which includes clot formation and dissolution

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19
Q

heparin

A

an anticoagulant used therapeutically to prevent thrombosis; also used as an anticoagulant in certain laboratory procedures

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20
Q

inhibitor

A

a substance that retards or stops a process or chemical reaction

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21
Q

intravascular

A

within the blood vessels

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22
Q

ionized calcium

A

in the body, a mineral that plays an important role in hemostasis

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23
Q

megakaryocyte

A

a large bone marrow cell from which platelets are derived

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24
Q

plasmin

A

an enzyme that binds to fibrin and initiates breakdown of the fibrin clot (fibrinolysis)

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25
Q

plasminogen

A

the inactive precursor of plasmin

26
Q

prothrombin

A

the precursor of thrombin; factor II

27
Q

sequestered

A

isolated or set apart from the whole

28
Q

thrombin

A

a protein formed from prothrombin by the action of thromboplastin and other factors in the presence of calcium ions; factor IIa

29
Q

thrombus (pl. thrombi)

A

a blood clot that obstructs a blood vessel

30
Q

vasoconstriction

A

narrowing of the diameter of a blood vessel

31
Q

warfarin

A

an anticoagulant drug taken to prevent blood clotting or to reduce the risk of clots

32
Q

XDPs

A

degradation products formed by plasmin action on cross-linked fibrin and containing the D-dimer fragment

33
Q

disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

A

a bleeding disorder characterized by widespread thrombotic and secondary fibrinolytic reactions

34
Q

epistaxis

A

nosebleed

35
Q

hemophilia

A

a bleeding disorder resulting from a hereditary coagulation factor deficiency or dysfunction

36
Q

immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)

A

a blood disorder characterized by purpura in skin and mucous membranes and low platelet count caused by the destruction of platelets by antiplatelet autoantibodies; also called idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

37
Q

NSAIDs

A

an acronym for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

38
Q

petechiae

A

small, purplish hemorrhagic spots on the skin; very small purpura

39
Q

purpura

A

purple-colored areas that can occur in the skin, mucous membranes, or organs and that are caused when small blood vessels leak

40
Q

recombinant

A

referring to molecules or cells created as a result of genetic engineering

41
Q

thrombocytopathy

A

abnormal platelet function

42
Q

thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)

A

a blood disorder with varied causes and characterized by formation of clots in the small vessels, consumption of platelets, and skin purpura

43
Q

von Willebrand’s disease (vWD)

A

an inherited platelet disorder associated with decreased platelet adhesion and a bleeding tendency

44
Q

activated clotting time (ACT)

A

a test that assesses the effect of heparin on the ability of blood to clot

45
Q

heparin

A

an anticoagulant used therapeutically to prevent thrombosis; also used as an anticoagulant in certain laboratory procedures

46
Q

enzyme

A

a protein that causes or accelerates change in other substances without being changed itself

47
Q

hypercoagulation

A

a greater tendency than normal for blood to coagulate

48
Q

international normalized ratio (INR)

A

a way of reporting a prothrombin time that takes into consideration the sensitivity of the prothrombin thromboplastin reagent used and the mean prothrombin time of a normal population

49
Q

international sensitivity index (ISI)

A

a value assigned to each lot of prothrombin thromboplastin reagent to compensate for variations in sensitivities of thromboplastin from different sources

50
Q

prothrombin ratio

A

a comparison of a patient’s prothrombin time result with the mean prothrombin time of a normal population

51
Q

prothrombin time test

A

a coagulation screening test used to monitor oral anticoagulant therapy

52
Q

vitamin K

A

a vitamin essential for production of coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X

53
Q

activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)

A

the time required for a fibrin clot to form when CaCl2 is added to citrated plasma that has been activated with partial thromboplastin reagent

54
Q

partial thromboplastin

A

the lipid portion of thromboplastin, available as a commercial preparation; formerly called cephaloplastin

55
Q

D-dimer

A

the smallest cross-linked fibrin degradation fragment formed from the breakdown of polymerized fibrin by plasmin

56
Q

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

A

occurrence of a thrombus within a deep vein, usually of the leg or pelvis

57
Q

disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

A

a hemostasis emergency characterized by widespread circulatory thrombotic events coexisting with fibrinolytic events

58
Q

FDPs

A

fibrinogen or fibrin degradation products formed when plasmin cleaves fibrinogen or fibrin monomers into protein fragments; formerly called fibrin split products

59
Q

pulmonary embolism (PE)

A

occlusion of a pulmonary artery or one of its branches, usually caused by an embolus that originated in a deep vein of the leg or pelvis

60
Q

sepsis

A

the presence of microorganisms and/or their toxic products in the blood or other tissues

61
Q

XDPs

A

degradation products formed by plasmin action on cross-linked fibrin and containing the D-dimer fragment

MLT 1010 (5 decks)

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