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MLT 1010 > Unit 4 - Basic Immunology & Immunohematology (vocab) > Flashcards

Unit 4 - Basic Immunology & Immunohematology (vocab) Flashcards

1
Q

agglutination

A

the clumping or aggregation of particulate antigens resulting from reaction with specific antibody

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2
Q

allergy

A

a condition resulting from an exaggerated immune response; hypersensitivity

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3
Q

anamnestic response

A

rapid increase in blood immunoglobulins following a second exposure to an antigen; also called booster response or secondary response

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4
Q

antibody (Ab)

A

protein that is induced by, and reacts specifically with, a foreign substance (antigen); immunoglobulin

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5
Q

antigen (Ag)

A

foreign substance that induces an immune response by causing production of antibodies and/or sensitized lymphocytes that react specifically with that substance; immunogen

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6
Q

autoimmune disease

A

disease caused when the immune response is directed at one’s own tissues (self-antigens)

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7
Q

B lymphocyte (B cell)

A

the type of lymphocyte primarily responsible for the humoral immune response

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8
Q

cell-mediated immunity

A

immunity provided by T lymphocytes and cytokines

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9
Q

complement

A

a group of plasma proteins that can be activated in immune reactions, can cause cell lysis, and can help initiate the inflammatory response

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10
Q

cytokines

A

any of various non-antibody proteins secreted by cells of the immune system and that help regulate the immune response; lymphokines

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11
Q

dendritic cells

A

cells in lymphoid tissues that form a network to trap foreign antigens

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12
Q

enzyme immunoassay (EIA)

A

an assay that uses an enzyme-labeled antibody as a reactant

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13
Q

epitope

A

the portion of an antigen that reacts specifically with an antibody; antigenic determinant

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14
Q

humoral immunity

A

immunity provided by B lymphocytes and antibodies

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15
Q

immunocompetent

A

capable of producing a normal immune response

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16
Q

immunocompromised

A

having the reduced ability to produce a normal immune response

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17
Q

immunoglobulins (Ig)

A

antibodies; proteins that are induced by and react specifically with antigens (immunogens)

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18
Q

immunology

A

the branch of medicine encompassing the study of the immune processes and immunity

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19
Q

immunosuppression

A

suppression of the immune response by physical, chemical, or biological means

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20
Q

inflammation

A

a nonspecific protective response to tissue injury that is initiated primarily by the release of chemicals such as histamine and serotonin and by the actions of phagocytic cells

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21
Q

lymphokines

A

non-antibody proteins produced by lymphocytes in response to antigen stimulation and that play a role in regulating the immune response; cytokines

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22
Q

macrophages

A

long-lived phagocytic tissue cells that are derived from blood monocytes, function in destruction of foreign antigens, and serve as antigen-presenting cells

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23
Q

monoclonal antibody

A

antibody derived from a single cell line or clone

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24
Q

plasma cell

A

a differentiated B lymphocyte that produces antibodies

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25
polyclonal antibodies
antibodies derived from more than one cell line
26
precipitation
formation of an insoluble antigen-antibody complex
27
primary lymphoid organs
organs in which B and T lymphocytes acquire their special characteristics; in humans, the bone marrow and thymus
28
secondary lymphoid tissue
tissues in which lymphocytes are concentrated, such as the spleen, lymph nodes, and tonsils
29
seroconversion
the appearance of antibody in the serum or plasma of an individual following exposure to an antigen
30
T lymphocyte (T cell)
the type of lymphocyte responsible for the cell-mediated immune response
31
thymus
a gland located in the upper chest that is the primary lymphoid tissue in which lymphocytes mature and acquire T cell characteristic
32
titer
in serology, the reciprocal of the highest dilution that gives the desired reaction; the concentration of a substance determined by titration
33
serology
the study of antibodies and antigens in serum or plasma using immunological methods
34
chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)
a syndrome characterized by prolonged fatigue and other nonspecific symptoms, and for which the cause remains unknown
35
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
a virus that infects lymphocytes and is the cause of infectious mononucleosis
36
hepatosplenomegaly
enlargement of the liver and spleen
37
heterophilic antibodies
a group of multi-specific antibodies that are increased in infectious mononucleosis and that react with heterogenous antigens not responsible for their production
38
incubation period
the time elapsed between exposure to an infectious agent and the appearance of symptoms
39
infectious mononucleosis (IM)
a contagious viral disease occurring in primarily the 15- to 25-year-old age-group and caused by infection with Epstein-Barr virus
40
latent
dormant; in an inactive or hidden phase
41
lymphadenopathy
a condition in which the lymph glands are enlarged or swollen
42
lymphocytosis
an increase above the normal number of lymphocytes in the blood
43
arthritis
inflammation of the joints, due to several causes
44
autoantibody
an antibody directed against self (one's own tissues)
45
reciprocal
inverse; one of a pair of numbers (as 2/3 and 3/2) that has a product of one
46
rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
an autoimmune disease characterized by pain, inflammation, and deformity of the joints
47
rheumatoid factors (RFs)
autoantibodies directed against the Fc fragment of human immunoglobulin G (IgG) and often present in the serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis
48
scleroderma
a systemic or localized autoimmune connective tissue disease characterized by a chronic hardening (sclero) of skin (derma) and connective tissue
49
Sjögren's syndrome
a systemic autoimmune disease affecting moisture-producing glands such as tear, sweat, and saliva glands but also affecting organs
50
synovial
of, or relating to, the lubricating fluid of the joints
51
agglutination inhibition
interference with, or prevention of, agglutination
52
ectopic pregnancy
development of fetus outside the uterus; extrauterine pregnancy
53
hemagglutination
the agglutination of red blood cells
54
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
the hormone of pregnancy, produced by the placenta; also called uterine chorionic gonadotropic (uCG)
55
implantation
attachment of the early embryo to the uterus
56
teratogenic
relating to a substance or agent capable of leading to birth defects by causing change or harm to a fetus or embryo, or interfering with normal fetal development
57
trophoblastic
relating to embryonic nutritive tissue
58
American Association of Blood Banks (AABB)
international association that sets blood bank standards, accredits blood banks, and promotes high standards of performance in the presence of transfusion medicine
59
apheresis
the process of removing a specific component, such as platelets, from donor blood, and returning the remaining blood components to donor circulation
60
blood bank
clinical laboratory department where blood components are tested and stored until needed for transfusion; also called immunohematology department or transfusion services; the refrigerated unit used for storing blood components
61
immunohematology
the study of the human blood groups; in the clinical laboratory, often called blood banking or transfusion services
62
transplant
living tissue placed into the body; the placing of living tissue into the body
63
allele
one of two (or more) forms of a gene responsible for genetic variation
64
antiserum
serum that contains antibodies
65
blood bank
clinical laboratory department where blood components are tested and stored until needed for transfusion; also called immunohematology department or transfusion services; the refrigerated unit used for storing blood components
66
blood group antibody
a protein (immunoglobulin) that reacts specifically with a blood group antigen
67
blood group antigen
a substance or structure on the red blood cell membrane that stimulates antibody formation and reacts with that antibody
68
codominant
in genetics, a gene that is expressed in the heterozygous state, that is, in the presence of a different allelic gene
69
forward grouping
the use of known antisera (antibodies) to detect unknown antigens on a patient's cells; forward typing; direct grouping
70
genes
segments of DNA that code for specific proteins and that are the structural units of heredity
71
histocompatibility testing
assays to determine if donor and recipient tissue are compatible
72
human leukocyte antigen (HLA)
one of several antigens present on leukocytes and other body cells that are important in transplant rejection
73
major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
the group of genes responsible for producing antigens such as HLA that are important in organ and tissue transplants
74
reverse grouping
the use of known cells (antigens) to identify unknown antibodies in the patient's serum or plasma
75
serological centrifuge
a centrifuge that spins small tubes such as those used in blood banking; serofuge
76
allele
one of two (or more) forms of a gene responsible for genetic variation
77
anti-human globulin test
a sensitive test that uses a commercial anti-human globulin reagent to detect human globulin coated on red blood cells; antiglobulin test; Coomb's test
78
feto-maternal hemorrhage (FMH)
the occurrence of fetal blood cells entering into the maternal circulation before or during delivery
79
hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)
a condition in which maternal antibody targets fetal red blood cells for destruction
80
phenotype
the observable characteristics in a cell or organism as determined both by genetic makeup and environmental factors
81
Rh D immune globulin (RhIG)
a concentrated, purified solution of human anti-D antibody used for injection

MLT 1010 (5 decks)

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