Unit 5: Toward Civil War and Reconstruction

Question 1

Manifest Destiny

Answer 1

idea that Americans were destined to expand and into the West and cultivate and civilize the country from coast to coast. ex. proc of 1763, LOUA purchase, mex,am war

Question 2

General Santa Anna

Answer 2

Became dictator of MEX, began enforcing laws in mexico banning slavery and enforcing catholicism. texas revolted and claimed independance

Question 3

Battla of the Alamo (1836)

Answer 3

Texans foritfied themelved in missionary building with alamo, Santa Anna and troops killed every single american man defending it

Question 4

Battle of San Jacinto (1836)

Answer 4

Troops captured Santa Anna and forced him to sign a treaty giving Texas its independance, “Remember the Alama” (served as fuel)

Question 5

“Fifty four forty or fight”

Answer 5

A slogan coined by President Polk to gain support to take Oregon from England.

Question 6

Wilmot Proviso

Answer 6

Proposed by David Wilmot, prohibited slavery in all land gained from Mexico. Popular among free-soilers, not popular with south.

Question 7

Free-soiler

Answer 7

Political party that opposed the EXPANSION of slavery but not for moral reasons; some did not even want black people enslaved or not to be allowed to settle in new territories, they saw it strcitly for laboring white people

Question 8

Abolitionist

Answer 8

Aimed to END slavery everywhere, minority of white northerners.

Question 9

Free soil movement

Answer 9

Aimed to stop the expansion of slavery, not end it. Most northerns and popular among small farmers who did not want to compete with rich plantation owners.

Question 10

3 position in regards to expansion of slavery

Answer 10

Southern, free soil (some were abolitionist some were not) and popular soverignty

Question 11

Yeoman farmers

Answer 11

Poor farmers who supported slavery only because of white supremacy, they were not rich enough to own slaves.

Question 12

Compromise of 1850

Answer 12

By Henry Clay: Added California as a free state, slave trade was banned in Washington DC but not slavery, passed stricter fugitive slave law, and Utah and N. Mexico with popular sovereignty.

Question 13

Popular sovereignty

Answer 13

Allowed population to vote whether they had slavery or not.

Question 14

Fugitive Slave Act

Answer 14

Stricter law allowing slave catchers to travel north and denying trial to runaway slaves. Because of this law, they wrongfully captured some free black people as well.

Question 15

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Answer 15

Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe because of the fugitive slave act, it condemned slavery as the greatest sin and ANGERED the south because they were christians.

Question 16

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Answer 16

Writer of Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Question 17

Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)

Answer 17

Passed by Stephan A. Douglas with congressional control, added Kansas and Nebraska as states with popular sovereignty.

Question 18

36 30 Line

Answer 18

Most importantly a latitude line established in the Missouri Compromise, dividing the prospective free states and slave states.

Question 19

John Brown

Answer 19

Strictly religious abolitionist who violently fought against slavery.

Question 20

Border-Ruffians

Answer 20

Pro-slavery Missourians who would cross into Kansas, vote illegally, make raids and intimidate anti-slavery settlers.

Question 21

Bleeding Kansas

Answer 21

Violence between pro slavery people and anti-slavery people that rushed to Kansas to sway the popular sovereignty vote.

Question 22

Lecompton vs Topeka

Answer 22

Lecompton was a pro slavery constitution and Topeka was an anti-salvery constitution, both in Kanasa, tensions worsened when Franklin Pierced recognized Lecompton as the legitament government

Question 23

Dred Scott v Sanford (1875)

Answer 23

Dred Scott argued that when his owner took him to Illinois, he became free. Effectively made slavery legal in the entire US.

Question 24

Republicans

Answer 24

Comes from Whigs not being able to unite on the issue of slavery. They were anti-slavery.

Question 25

Whigs

Answer 25

Think Henry Clay’s American system.

Question 26

Raid at Harpers Ferry (1858)

Answer 26

Led by John Brown, stole weapons and hoped to arm Virginia slaves, but he could not convince them to rise up. Led to John Brown’s death.

Question 27

Abraham Lincoln

Answer 27

16th President of the USA and elected in 1860,ran on a free soil platform.

Question 28

Stephen A. Douglas

Answer 28

Creator of Kansas Nebraska Act, ran against Lincoln in Senate race for Illinois.

Question 29

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

Answer 29

Lincoln lost the Senate election against Douglas but these debates helped him make a name for himself going into the election of 1860 because he was a good speaker.

Question 30

Election of 1860

Answer 30

Lincoln won without winning a single southern state, this is what made the south secede.

Question 31

Secession

Answer 31

Led by South Carolina, southern states began seceding: Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi and Texas.

Question 32

Confederate States of America

Answer 32

Created by the 7 seceding states, led by their President Jefferson Davis.

Question 33

The Union

Answer 33

Basically the North

Question 34

Fort Sumter

Answer 34

Northerners trapped in Fort Sumter, Lincoln’s decision led to the south as the bad guys because they fired first and officially started the civil war.

Question 35

Lame duck

Answer 35

A presidents last few months as president, in between the election and the inauguration of a new president.

Question 36

Robert E. Lee

Answer 36

Very good southern General

Question 37

Anaconda Plan

Answer 37

Union strategy to effectively surround the South until they could take their capitol. They would cut off trade to Europe, then take control of the Mississippi River and “split” the south, and then take the capitol.

Question 38

George B. McClellan

Answer 38

First leading commander of the US army, too passive.

Question 39

Battle of Bull Run

Answer 39

Union was majorly defeated, and this battle ended the North’s idea that it would be quick war.

Question 40

Battle of Antietam

Answer 40

Lee decided to go on the offensive, bloodiest day in US history, but the victory Lincoln had been waiting for.

Question 41

Emancipation Proclamation

Answer 41

Freed all slaves in the Confederate states, this made the war about slavery and Europeans felt like they could no longer support the South.

Question 42

Battle of Gettysburg

Answer 42

Lee tried to invade the North again but LOST, bloodiest battle in US history, combined with battle of Vicksburg they were the turning points of the war.

Question 43

Battle of Vicksburg

Answer 43

One day after the battle of the battle of Gettysburg, Ulysses S. Grant took control of Vicksburg in Mississippi, fulfilling the Anaconda Plan.

Question 44

Gettysburg Adress

Answer 44

Speech given at the new Gettysburg gravesite by Lincoln, the main idea being do not let these soldiers die for nothing, because the north was starting to question of it was worth it.

Question 45

William Tecumseh Sherman

Answer 45

Led “Sherman’s March to the Sea”

Question 46

Scorched Earth Campaign

Answer 46

When soldiers just march somewhere destroying everything in their path

Question 47

Sherman’s March to the Sea

Answer 47

A scorched earth campaign from Atlanta to Savanah

Question 48

Election of 1864

Answer 48

Lincoln vs McClellan: Pro finishing the war vs end the war now.

Question 49

Appomattox Courthouse

Answer 49

Ulysses S. Grant captured Robert E. Lee and forced him to surrender, basically ended the war.

Question 50

Ulysses S. Grant

Answer 50

Was general during the last years of the war, he was not as passive as the generals before him, and he helped end the war.

Question 51

Radical Republicans

Answer 51

Believed the south has caused unnecessary bloodshed and that they should be punished.

Question 52

10% Plan

Answer 52

Each southern state would be accepted into the union once 10% of their population pledged loyalty to the union and accepted the 13th. Amendment.

Question 53

Reconstruction

Answer 53

Period after civil war highlighted by social, legal and political changes following the abolishment of slavery, and also integrating the south.

Question 54

John Wilkes Booth

Answer 54

Angered by Lincoln’s promises of racial equality and the black vote, he kills Lincoln at Ford’s Theatre

Question 55

Freedmen’s Bureau (1866)

Answer 55

Aimed to help former slaves get established by providing food, housing, medical care and schooling.

Question 56

13th Amendment

Answer 56

Abolished slavery after the Civil War

Question 57

14th Amendment

Answer 57

Anyone born in the US is a citizen, all citizens have equal rights and are protected under the law. Also, no person may hold any office in the US if they have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against it.

Question 58

Reconstruction Acts

Answer 58

Split the South into 5 military zones under US supervision and required states to accept the 13th and 14th amendments to reenter the union.

Question 59

Tenure of Office Act

Answer 59

controversial federal law meant to restrict the ability of the U.S. president to remove certain officials that Congress had already approved.

Question 60

15th Amendment

Answer 60

The 15th Amendment granted voting rights to Black men in 1870..

Question 61

Sharecroppers

Answer 61

From slaves to sharecroppers, they were given land to work in exchange for rent, but most had money. Almost as bad as slavery but it was the only life they ever knew.

Question 62

Black Codes

Answer 62

Racist laws enacted to maintain inequality. Segregation, curfews, imprisoned for not having a job.

Question 63

Ku Klux Klan

Answer 63

Terrorist group made of many former Confederate soldiers used intimidation and murder to keep African Americans in fear and lesser value.