Unit "1": Native American Societies Before European Contact Vocab Flashcards

To learn the vocabulary of this unit.

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1
Q

Bering Strait

A

A crossable land bridge during the Ice Age which native americans crossed to get to north america 15,000 years ago. No longer exists.

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2
Q

Maize Cultivation

A

7,000 years ago: Allowed hunters and gatherers to become stationary and beging to develop unique societies and cultures.

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3
Q

Northwest Coast

A

Natives here had an abundance of food from fishing and lumber from the forests so they could establish permanent villages.

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4
Q

Southwest

A

Natives here lived in caves and under cliffs, because maize could survive the dry weather they were able to settle down and lived in adobe style home. Movied rivers with irrigation.

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5
Q

North East

A

Agriculture(farming) based settlements; Three Sisters Farming

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6
Q

Three Sisters Farming

A

Used by Iroquois, consisted of corn, beans, and squash. When planted together these plants nurtured eacchother and grew better.

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7
Q

Southeast

A

Had fertile soil and fishing thanks to rivers. Allowed for big populations and lots of trading.

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8
Q

Cahokia

A

Village in southeast with 25,000 people.

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9
Q

Great Plains

A

Dry arid climate was not good for famring to they were nomadic. They followed hers of buffalo in teepees which were easy to build and take down.

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10
Q

South American Natives

A

Very advanced, understoof space, time and the solar system. Pyramids took great engineering.

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11
Q

Tenochtitlan

A

Aztec capitol larger than any European city; written language and irrigation.

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12
Q

Why did europeans explore toward the west?

A

By the time Asian goods made it across to Europe they were very expensive, Portugal wanted to cut out the “middleman” and find a way to sail directly to Asia.

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13
Q

Why not sail around Africa?

A

Boats sucked and the winds were too strong.

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14
Q

Caravel

A

Small, fast ship designed for sailing oppsed to naval battle invented by Prince Henry the Navigator in early 1400’s. Allowed for sailing around Africa.

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15
Q

Trading Post Empire

A

Portugal became a trading post empire olong the coast of Africa after the invention of the caravel and became wealthy.(1400’s)

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16
Q

Reconquista

A

Carried out by Ferdinand and Isabella after they united Aragon and Castille to form Spain.

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17
Q

Christopher Columbus

A

Sailed the ocean blue in 1492; funded by Ferdinand and Isabella. Goes west because Portugal dominated coast of Africa and Italy dominated Mediterrenian Sea.

18
Q

New World

A

Christopher Columbus introduces the New World to Europe; Carribean Sea, Bahamas, Cuba, etc.

19
Q

Columbian Exchange

A

An exchange of food, animals, goods, people, culture and diseases between the New World and the Old World.

20
Q

What did the Old World Recieve?

A

Tobacco, avocados, tomatos, squash, corn, cassava, potatos, beans,

21
Q

What did the New World recieve?

A

Disease, livestock, horses, coffee, olives, bananas, grains, honeybees

22
Q

Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)

A

Line dividing new worls between Spain and Portugal; line gets pushed back when they realize how big the continent is

23
Q

What were the impacts of the Columbian Exchange on Europe? (Positive)

A

New caloric foods allowed for large population growth, went from feudalism to capitalism

24
Q

Feudalism

A

Wealth based on land, people labor for protection; in this system landowners held power

25
Q

Capitalism

A

Wealth based on money; wealthy merchants had power in this system

26
Q

What were the impacts of the Columbian Exchange on the Americas? (Negative)

A

Population decrease, mostly because of disease but also because of labor and conquest; 40 million - 3 million natives in 150 years

27
Q

How did Europeans manage to easily conquer the natives?

A

They took advantage of native rivalries and disease wiped most of them out. Ex: Cortez’s 600 men vs the 300,000 people in Tenochtitlan.

28
Q

How did the discovery of the New World impact Africa?

A

As Europe conquered land in the New world they needed more slaves but Natives kept getting sick or running away into the jungles so, African slavery was brought to a new level

29
Q

God, Gold, and Glory

A

Spread Catholicism to the Natives, gain wealth and glory for Spain and for themselves

30
Q

Encomienda System

A

Spanish Crown gave land to “encomenderos.” Supposed to exchange labor for protection and education but the reality was harsh.

31
Q

Middle Passage

A

Route to transport Afriacan slaves to the new world. 10-15% died of disease from being packed so closely and starvation.

32
Q

Spanish Caste System

A

Peninsulares: Born in Spain
Creoles: Desendants of Peninsulares
Mestizos: Spanish + Indian
Mulattoes: Spanish + African
Native Americans
African Slaves

33
Q

Describe Spanish demographics in the New World

A

Spain sent mostly men in large numbers so there were many mixed children, society was diverse and they were extremely cruel to the natives.

34
Q

Describe French demographics in the New World

A

France sentmostly men in small numbers because they were interested in trading and had mosrtly friendly relations.

35
Q

Describe English demographics in the New World

A

England sent over lots of families to settle so there was not many mixed children, England never developed a system to incorporate Natives into their society they just pushed them out.

35
Q

Differing Views on Trade

A

Euro: Wealth led to status and trade was just a transaction, thought Natives were bad at business.
Native: Trade was ceremonial & led to relationships and status, starved together or ate well together, saw Europeans as greedy

36
Q

Differeng Views on Land

A

Euro: Land was private property that was fenced off and passed down
Native: Land belonged to the tribe and thought they were only sharing land with the English not giving them full ownership

37
Q

Differing Views on Gender

A

Euro: Men led home, went to war, and were in politics, women maintained the home and had few political rights, viewed native men as lazy.
Native: Men hunted, fished and went to war, they left for days weeks or months at a time so women farmed and maintened the home.

38
Q

Differing Religions

A

Europeans: Monotheistic, wanted Natives to convert
Natives: Pantheists/Animists, willing to recognize and add Christian figures into their Pantheon

39
Q

Monotheistic

A

One God; Christianity

40
Q

Pantheist/Animist

A

Multiple Gods; plants and animals have spirits

41
Q

Pueblo Revolt (1680)

A

(mainly religious) Oppression led to Native uprising (AKA Pope’s Rebellion); 4,000 SPA colonizers died +priests, burned churches; only successful Native uprising in N. America.