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Geography > Unit 5 - The Uk's Evolving Human Landscape > Flashcards

Unit 5 - The Uk's Evolving Human Landscape Flashcards

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1
Q

What does population density mean?

A

The average amount of people per km^2

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2
Q

What is population distribution?

A

The spread of population in an area

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3
Q

Name 2 densely populated areas

A

London

Manchester

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4
Q

Name a sparsely populated area

A

Scotland

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5
Q

What is the rural periphery?

A

The most rural areas, usually less developed

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6
Q

Give 3 positives of the rural periphery (Allerdale)

A

Cheap housing (£90,000) for a 2 bedroom house
Beautiful scenery
Beaches, lakes and mountains

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7
Q

Give 3 negatives of the rural periphery

A

Less jobs
High transport costs
Less shops

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8
Q

What are the 3 ways the UK and EU government are trying to reduce differences in wealth?

A

Creating enterprise zones
Transport Infrastructure
Regional development

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9
Q

What are enterprise zones?

A

When companies locate in these zones, they are given benefits like reduced tax to encourage companies to move to places with high unemployment
There are 55 across England Scotland and Wales

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10
Q

What is transport infrastructure

A

Th UK government plans to like major cities with a new high speed rail line called HS2 to encourage industry and jobs in poorer rural areas.

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11
Q

What is regional development?

A

The EU has used funds to promote growth in poorer areas by investing in small high-tech businesses. For example, providing fast broadband to attract businesses and provide jobs.

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12
Q

Who qualifies for EU grants?

A

If their GDP is 75% lower than average

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13
Q

Give 3 reasons for population growth in the UK

A

Immigration
Natural increase
Death rate decrease

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14
Q

What does immigration mean?

A

The act of coming to lobe permanently in a foreign country

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15
Q

What is emigration?

A

The act of leaving one’s own country to settle permanently in another

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16
Q

Where do most migrants come from to the UK? And amount

A

Ireland (500,000 per year)

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17
Q

In 2013, how many Polish people lived in the UK?

A

680,000

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18
Q

Give 3 positives of immigrants

A

European migrants have added £2.54 billion to the economy
The new migrants are stereotypically hard working and flexible
Contributed to 1% of the UK’s economic growth

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19
Q

Give 3 negatives of immigrants

A

Anti-polish graffiti has appeared on the streets
There have been incidents of abuse and attacks on migrants
They can take jobs, lowering people’s income

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20
Q

Give 3 examples of jobs in the primary sector

A

Farming
Fishing
Mining

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21
Q

Give 3 examples of secondary sector jobs

A

Factory worker
Builder
Car manufacturing

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22
Q

Give 3 tertiary sector jobs

A

Hair dresser
Chef
Fireman

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23
Q

What is primary production?

A

Involves acquiring raw materials

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24
Q

What is secondary production?

A

The manufacturing and assembly process

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25
Q

What is tertiary production?

A

The commercial services that support the production and distribution

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26
Q

How has employment changed in the UK (3)

A

100 years ago, coal mining employed 1 million people, now 5500
Cheap coal from abroad caused coal mines to close
Now 2% work in the primary sector

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27
Q

What is the new economy?

A

The result of the tertiary sector jobs increasing

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28
Q

What is the quaternary sector?

A

Knowledge based jobs which normally include the use of technology

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29
Q

What is the knowledge economy

A

Jobs that require degrees and specialised training

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30
Q

Why did the London Docklands become wasteland?

A

The container ships became too large for the river Thames and stopped using the dock

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31
Q

Give 3 facts on the redevelopment of Canary Wharf

A

Began in 1980
Government gave incentives to companies who relocated there
Built to be like Manhattan (grid structure)

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32
Q

Give 3 points about the new economy

A

1/4 of the jobs are part time
Mostly unskilled, need few qualifications
Low wages (minimum wage or just above)

33
Q

Give 3 points about the knowledge economy

A

High salaries plus bonuses depending on qualification
Mostly male
Mostly full time, contract jobs

34
Q

What is globalisation?

A

Increased in connectivity of different countries. The idea that the world is getting smaller

35
Q

What is free trade?

A

The free flow of goods and services without tariffs

36
Q

What is Foreign Direct Investment?

A

To invest anywhere with unrestricted flows of capital

37
Q

What are TNCs?

A

Trans national cooperation, companies based abroad

38
Q

What is privatisation?

A

The change in ownership of services from public to private sector

39
Q

Give 3 examples of oversea companies located in the UK

A

Toyota, China Energy, Microsoft

40
Q

Why is London’s CBD so densely built?

A

There is a radial road which allows people to access it easily

41
Q

Which part of London is the oldest?

A

CBD

42
Q

What is the a land use and building type in the CBD?

A

Shopping, skyscrapers

43
Q

What is the a land use and building type in the wealthy inner suburbs?

A

Factories, some housing with gardens

44
Q

What is the a land use and building type in the poorer inner suburbs

A

Old factories, flats

45
Q

What is the a land use and building type in the outer suburbs

A

Some industry, houses with gardens, parks

46
Q

What are skilled workers

A

Workers that take up well paid jobs in ‘knowledge economy’

47
Q

What are unskilled workers?

A

Workers who get unwanted jobs by UK workers

48
Q

What is ethnic segregation?

A

When people of a particular ethnic group choose to live with others of the same ethnic group

49
Q

What are 3 reasons why ethnic segregation happens

A

Language, safety, religious link

50
Q

Who are the main immigrants in London?

A

Indians

51
Q

What is suburbanisation?

A

The movement of people from the inner suburbs to the outer suburbs

52
Q

What is de-industrinisation

A

Decreased activity in manufacturing and closure in industries leading to unimployment

53
Q

What is depopulation

A

The decline in the total population of an area

54
Q

What is decentralisation

A

Shift of shopping activity and employment away from the CBD to new area

55
Q

Give 3 reasons why parts of London declined

A

South west train allowed people to live in the suburbs
High streets declined due to big shopping centres
Retail parks

56
Q

Give 3 examples of how Stratford in Newham declined

A

End of WW1, factories closed
40,000 jobs lost when companies relocated to Asia
Docklands declined, not enough stock in factories

57
Q

Why has London expanded? (3)

A

Suburbanisation, needed bigger homes
Counter-urbanisation, the line between city and countryside became blurred
Transport links, trains

58
Q

What is a greenfield site?

A

An area of countryside of open space that has not yet been built on

59
Q

What is a brownfield site?

A

An area of disused and derelict land in an urban area that is available for redevelopment

60
Q

Give 2 positive and negative points about building on greenfield sites

A

No restrictions for road network
People attracted to rural scenery
Drives wildlife away
Less peace in countryside

61
Q

Give 2 positive and 1 negative points about building on a brownfield site

A

Make area look bigger
Making good use of wasteland
Build around existing roads

62
Q

What is gentrification?

A

When an area is occupied and renewed by the middle classes, enjoying the he lifestyle such as theatres

63
Q

What is studentification

A

Where the area is occupied by students who live in large numbers and studying at universities.

64
Q

What is rebranding?

A

To give a place a new brand and get rid of the old one. Eg ‘The Dome’ because the ‘O2’

65
Q

What is regeneration

A

To improve an area by investing in the environment

66
Q

Give 3 benefits of the Olympic Park

A

2,800 homes created from Athletes Village
£12 billion to economy
Westfield shopping centre, 10,000 jobs

67
Q

What is sustainable living?

A

Where a resource use meets human needs while preserving the environment for upcoming generations

68
Q

Give 3 ways London is trying to become more sustainable

A

Emission tax, congestion charge
Public transport
Better insulation

69
Q

What are 4 of London’s main problems

A

Traffic, expensive homes, not enough greenery

70
Q

How much of London’s waste is recycled

A

34%

71
Q

How has public transport helped the environment

A

Reduces the number of cars, 6% increase in bus use

72
Q

What is BedZED?

A

A series of 82 homes built to try and only use renewable energy

73
Q

How is London trying to improve recycling

A

By 2020, they aim to reduce household waste by 10%

74
Q

Where is BedZED located?

A

Hackbridge, London

75
Q

What are 3 transport points about BedZED

A

Not allowed cars
Most use public transport of walk
They have a car-share scheme

76
Q

What are the 3 design principles of BedZED

A

Zero energy, 777 square metres of solar panels
Water efficient, rain water collected and reused
Energy efficient, south facing, triple glazed

77
Q

How are the local authorities involved in BedZED

A

They sold the land below the market value

78
Q

What are 2 problems of BedZED

A

Biomass wood chip burner broke, they ended up using gas boilers
The ‘living machine’ water recycling was unable to clean water sufficiently, now too expensive.

Geography (5 decks)

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