Unit 5 - The Uk's Evolving Human Landscape Flashcards
What does population density mean?
The average amount of people per km^2
What is population distribution?
The spread of population in an area
Name 2 densely populated areas
London
Manchester
Name a sparsely populated area
Scotland
What is the rural periphery?
The most rural areas, usually less developed
Give 3 positives of the rural periphery (Allerdale)
Cheap housing (£90,000) for a 2 bedroom house
Beautiful scenery
Beaches, lakes and mountains
Give 3 negatives of the rural periphery
Less jobs
High transport costs
Less shops
What are the 3 ways the UK and EU government are trying to reduce differences in wealth?
Creating enterprise zones
Transport Infrastructure
Regional development
What are enterprise zones?
When companies locate in these zones, they are given benefits like reduced tax to encourage companies to move to places with high unemployment
There are 55 across England Scotland and Wales
What is transport infrastructure
Th UK government plans to like major cities with a new high speed rail line called HS2 to encourage industry and jobs in poorer rural areas.
What is regional development?
The EU has used funds to promote growth in poorer areas by investing in small high-tech businesses. For example, providing fast broadband to attract businesses and provide jobs.
Who qualifies for EU grants?
If their GDP is 75% lower than average
Give 3 reasons for population growth in the UK
Immigration
Natural increase
Death rate decrease
What does immigration mean?
The act of coming to lobe permanently in a foreign country
What is emigration?
The act of leaving one’s own country to settle permanently in another
Where do most migrants come from to the UK? And amount
Ireland (500,000 per year)
In 2013, how many Polish people lived in the UK?
680,000
Give 3 positives of immigrants
European migrants have added £2.54 billion to the economy
The new migrants are stereotypically hard working and flexible
Contributed to 1% of the UK’s economic growth
Give 3 negatives of immigrants
Anti-polish graffiti has appeared on the streets
There have been incidents of abuse and attacks on migrants
They can take jobs, lowering people’s income
Give 3 examples of jobs in the primary sector
Farming
Fishing
Mining
Give 3 examples of secondary sector jobs
Factory worker
Builder
Car manufacturing
Give 3 tertiary sector jobs
Hair dresser
Chef
Fireman
What is primary production?
Involves acquiring raw materials
What is secondary production?
The manufacturing and assembly process
What is tertiary production?
The commercial services that support the production and distribution
How has employment changed in the UK (3)
100 years ago, coal mining employed 1 million people, now 5500
Cheap coal from abroad caused coal mines to close
Now 2% work in the primary sector
What is the new economy?
The result of the tertiary sector jobs increasing
What is the quaternary sector?
Knowledge based jobs which normally include the use of technology
What is the knowledge economy
Jobs that require degrees and specialised training
Why did the London Docklands become wasteland?
The container ships became too large for the river Thames and stopped using the dock
Give 3 facts on the redevelopment of Canary Wharf
Began in 1980
Government gave incentives to companies who relocated there
Built to be like Manhattan (grid structure)
Give 3 points about the new economy
1/4 of the jobs are part time
Mostly unskilled, need few qualifications
Low wages (minimum wage or just above)
Give 3 points about the knowledge economy
High salaries plus bonuses depending on qualification
Mostly male
Mostly full time, contract jobs
What is globalisation?
Increased in connectivity of different countries. The idea that the world is getting smaller
What is free trade?
The free flow of goods and services without tariffs
What is Foreign Direct Investment?
To invest anywhere with unrestricted flows of capital
What are TNCs?
Trans national cooperation, companies based abroad
What is privatisation?
The change in ownership of services from public to private sector
Give 3 examples of oversea companies located in the UK
Toyota, China Energy, Microsoft
Why is London’s CBD so densely built?
There is a radial road which allows people to access it easily
Which part of London is the oldest?
CBD
What is the a land use and building type in the CBD?
Shopping, skyscrapers
What is the a land use and building type in the wealthy inner suburbs?
Factories, some housing with gardens
What is the a land use and building type in the poorer inner suburbs
Old factories, flats
What is the a land use and building type in the outer suburbs
Some industry, houses with gardens, parks
What are skilled workers
Workers that take up well paid jobs in ‘knowledge economy’
What are unskilled workers?
Workers who get unwanted jobs by UK workers
What is ethnic segregation?
When people of a particular ethnic group choose to live with others of the same ethnic group
What are 3 reasons why ethnic segregation happens
Language, safety, religious link
Who are the main immigrants in London?
Indians
What is suburbanisation?
The movement of people from the inner suburbs to the outer suburbs
What is de-industrinisation
Decreased activity in manufacturing and closure in industries leading to unimployment
What is depopulation
The decline in the total population of an area
What is decentralisation
Shift of shopping activity and employment away from the CBD to new area
Give 3 reasons why parts of London declined
South west train allowed people to live in the suburbs
High streets declined due to big shopping centres
Retail parks
Give 3 examples of how Stratford in Newham declined
End of WW1, factories closed
40,000 jobs lost when companies relocated to Asia
Docklands declined, not enough stock in factories
Why has London expanded? (3)
Suburbanisation, needed bigger homes
Counter-urbanisation, the line between city and countryside became blurred
Transport links, trains
What is a greenfield site?
An area of countryside of open space that has not yet been built on
What is a brownfield site?
An area of disused and derelict land in an urban area that is available for redevelopment
Give 2 positive and negative points about building on greenfield sites
No restrictions for road network
People attracted to rural scenery
Drives wildlife away
Less peace in countryside
Give 2 positive and 1 negative points about building on a brownfield site
Make area look bigger
Making good use of wasteland
Build around existing roads
What is gentrification?
When an area is occupied and renewed by the middle classes, enjoying the he lifestyle such as theatres
What is studentification
Where the area is occupied by students who live in large numbers and studying at universities.
What is rebranding?
To give a place a new brand and get rid of the old one. Eg ‘The Dome’ because the ‘O2’
What is regeneration
To improve an area by investing in the environment
Give 3 benefits of the Olympic Park
2,800 homes created from Athletes Village
£12 billion to economy
Westfield shopping centre, 10,000 jobs
What is sustainable living?
Where a resource use meets human needs while preserving the environment for upcoming generations
Give 3 ways London is trying to become more sustainable
Emission tax, congestion charge
Public transport
Better insulation
What are 4 of London’s main problems
Traffic, expensive homes, not enough greenery
How much of London’s waste is recycled
34%
How has public transport helped the environment
Reduces the number of cars, 6% increase in bus use
What is BedZED?
A series of 82 homes built to try and only use renewable energy
How is London trying to improve recycling
By 2020, they aim to reduce household waste by 10%
Where is BedZED located?
Hackbridge, London
What are 3 transport points about BedZED
Not allowed cars
Most use public transport of walk
They have a car-share scheme
What are the 3 design principles of BedZED
Zero energy, 777 square metres of solar panels
Water efficient, rain water collected and reused
Energy efficient, south facing, triple glazed
How are the local authorities involved in BedZED
They sold the land below the market value
What are 2 problems of BedZED
Biomass wood chip burner broke, they ended up using gas boilers
The ‘living machine’ water recycling was unable to clean water sufficiently, now too expensive.
