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Geography > Unit 3 - Challenges of an Urbanising World > Flashcards

Unit 3 - Challenges of an Urbanising World Flashcards

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1
Q

Why does Mumbai not follow the LEDC City model? (3)

A

The CBD is near the Island tip, not centre
Mumbai does not follow a circular structure
The Dharavi slums are near the CBD

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2
Q

What 5 parts make up the LEDC City model?

A

1 - CBD 2 - industry along route 3- high cost housing 4- basic housing 5 - Shanty towns

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3
Q

What percentage of Mumbai life in slums?

A

60%

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4
Q

What are squatter settlements?

A

Areas of cities, usually on the outskirts, that are built by people of any material that they can find, on land that does not belong to them.

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5
Q

Where are the Dharavi slums located?

A

In Maharastra in Mumbai

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6
Q

Give 4 key facts about the Dharavi slums

A

1 million people in 1 square mile
70 years old
85% of the people have jobs
6000 businesses

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7
Q

Give 2 air pollution problems in the Dharavi slums

A

Asbestos in the roofs - cause lung cancer

Pottery dunes - cause harmful smoke (soot)

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8
Q

Give 2 water pollution problems in the Dharavi slums

A

Sewage water runs through streets and mixes with drinking water
Children go to the toilet on the streets

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9
Q

Give 2 housing problems in the Dharavi slums

A

21 people live in a 12ft x 12ft home

Made of wood - at risk of fire

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10
Q

Give 2 waste problems in the Dharavi slums

A

Built on a rubbish tip

Toxic waste- causes cholera

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11
Q

Give 2 points for recycling and waster in the DS

A

80% of plastic is recycled

£1 a day for sieving for valuables

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12
Q

Give 2 points for large scale redevelopment in the DS

A

Part of Dharavi is threatened by a $2 billion development project
People who are relocated will be put into smaller housing in apartment blocks

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13
Q

Give 2 points for local brand improvements

A

Toilets at the end of each building

Windows in homes for ventilation

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14
Q

Give 2 points on the slum of hope

A

Daily chores are done in social spheres to make a sense of community
A pottery area is a community area

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15
Q

What are the 3 types of land use?

A

Commercial, industrial, residential

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16
Q

Explain a characteristic of commercial land use

A

Taller buildings as land is expensive and not much space so they build up

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17
Q

Explain a characteristic of industrial land use

A

Away from the CBD as they need more space

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18
Q

Explain a characteristic of residential areas

A

The older properties are closer to the centre as cities grow outwards in rings

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19
Q

What are the 3 main classes in Mumbai?

A

Slums, low middle and upper middle

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20
Q

What is the average salary for a slum dweller?

A

80p per day

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21
Q

What will happen to slum dwellers in the future?

A

They will move out of the slums and into the middle class

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22
Q

Living space for low middle class (2)

A

Small flat

4 people

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23
Q

Jobs for low middle class (3)

A

Carpenters, drivers, decorators

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24
Q

Salary for low middle class

A

$2 a day

Spend $4-6 a day

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25
Q

Future for low middle class

A

Children work in IT, healthcare or engineering

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26
Q

Why do the middle class spend more than they earn?

A

They have access to credit cards

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27
Q

Living space for upper middle class (2)

A

Luxury 10th floor apartment

1 bedroom

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28
Q

Jobs for upper middle class (2)

A

Engineer, operations manager

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29
Q

Salary for upper middle class

A

$10 a day

Spend $6-10 a say

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30
Q

Future for upper middle class

A

In 5 years, deposit for their own house

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31
Q

What is hyper-urbanisation?

A

The rapid growth of city areas, in Mumbai, it is happening 3% a year, doubling every 23 years

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32
Q

How much of Mumbai’s population live in the slums?

A

60%

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33
Q

Give an example of a new suburb

A

Navi Mumbai

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34
Q

Why do people move from rural to urban? (3)

A

More jobs, better education facilities (Mumbai has 12 universities), higher incomes

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35
Q

What is natural increase

A

The difference between the number of births and deaths

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36
Q

How does natural increase occur in Mumbai?

A

Young people move to Mumbai for better jobs, settle there, start a family.

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37
Q

Statistics of natural increase

A

1.4% each year, nearly half of Mumbai annual growth

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38
Q

Give a push factor of Mumbai

A

Permanent poverty

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39
Q

Pull factor of Mumbai

A

Better jobs

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40
Q

Why are manufacturers moving to Auragabad

A

They need more space

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41
Q

Why are middle classes moving to Navi Mumbai

A

It is cheaper there, cost of Mumbai is increasing.

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42
Q

What is urbanisation?

A

A process where an increasing proportion of people live in towns and cities.

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43
Q

What happened in the UK in 1975

A

It was the world first country to reach 50% urban population

44
Q

What is a metropolitan area

A

A region consisting of a densely populated urban core and it’s less populated surrounding territories.

45
Q

What is a conurbation

A

An urban are consisting of several towns merging, forming a continuous urban area

46
Q

What is a million city?

A

A city with at east 1,000,000

47
Q

What is a mega city?

A

A city with at least 10,000,000 people

48
Q

What is a world city?

A

A city that is a major centre for the global economic system. The importance and influence are bigger than the actual size.

49
Q

What are the 2 world cities?

A

London

New York

50
Q

Give 2 points on New York and economy

A

1 out of 21 are millionaires

25% of the world’s gold is in vaults under Wall Street

51
Q

Give 1 fact about London and transport

A

It was the first city to have an underground railway

52
Q

Give 2 facts about New York and transport

A

It has the top international air passenger gateway to the US

More than 10,000 yellow cabs

53
Q

Give 2 facts about culture in London

A

300 different languages

14 different faiths practiced

54
Q

Give 2 facts about culture in NY

A

36% of its population is foreign born

Roughly half the population don’t speak English at home.

55
Q

Give 3 facts about rural to urban migration in China

A

270 million migrant workers have left a life of farming
Migrate for jobs and money
Study in finance

56
Q

Why is counter-urbanisation happening in Detroit

A

Due to de-industrialisation
Used to be 1.85 million people, now only 50,000
Poor population couldn’t pay for services, went bankrupt

57
Q

What is international migration?

A

Migrating from country to country

58
Q

What is internal migration?

A

Migrating within a country, not necessarily from rural to urban

59
Q

What is the informal sector?

A

Where the economy is neither taxed or monitored by any form of government

60
Q

Give 3 examples of informal sector businesses

A

Market stalls
Car boot sales
Online or in person sales

61
Q

Give 2 points of the location of Kampala

A

Southern Uganda

Continent of Africa

62
Q

Give to informal sector points about Kampala

A

It is 50% of its GDP

5% manufacturing

63
Q

Give 2 location points on New Delhi

A

In India

Capital of India

64
Q

Give 2 informal sector points for New Delhi

A

75% of the city

50% of India’s GDP

65
Q

Give 2 formal sector out s for New Delhi

A

78% of the city’s GDP

20 is from manufacturing

66
Q

Give 2 location pints for NY

A

East coast of North America

USA

67
Q

Give 2 formal sector points on NY

A

10% is from manufacturing

Financial sector is 10%

68
Q

Give 2 advantages for the informal sector

A

Control your own earnings

More flexible

68
Q

Give 2 disadvantages for the informal sector

A

Potentially illegal

Irregular payment

69
Q

Give 2 advantages for the formal sector

A

Stable pay

Career progressions

70
Q

Give 2 disadvantages of the formal sector

A

Can be sacked

Need an education

71
Q

What is suburbanisation

A

People move from inner suburbs to outer suburbs

72
Q

What is counter urbanisation

A

When people migrate from urban to rural areas

73
Q

What is re-urbanisation?

A

When people leave the city and come back later

74
Q

How many people live in NY

A

8.538 million (2015)

75
Q

What percentage of NY population are immigrants?

A

37%

76
Q

Give 2 reasons why suburbanisation occurred in NY

A

Overcrowded

Had to grow outwards

77
Q

Why do some people live further from NY city? (2)

A

It has more space

Buy larger houses

78
Q

What is white flight?

A

When all the white people left the inner - city and moved to the suburbs

79
Q

Why did people re-urbanise in NYC?

A

The city was safer due to a zero tolerance police

The knowledge economy provided employment

80
Q

Give 3 things found in the city centre

A

Central Business District (CBD)
Shopping
Skyscrapers

81
Q

Give 3 things fund in the inner city

A

Terraced houses
Old factories
Vacant housing

82
Q

Give 3 things found in the inner suburbs

A

Semi detached housing with gardens
More space
Less congestion

83
Q

What is the housing like in the outer suburbs? (2)

A

Newer and more expensive

Detached

84
Q

Give 3 land uses of the rural-urban fringe

A

Agriculture
Businesses
Shopping

85
Q

What are the 5 parts of the Burgess Model?

A 
CBD
Inner city
Inner suburbs
Outer suburbs 
Rural-urban fringe
86
Q

Give 4 points on Mumbai’s railway

A

Worlds biggest railway
21 hours a day, 365 days a year
2.5 billion journeys a year
3500 people die every year

87
Q

Give 2 problems with housing Mumbai face due to an increase in population

A

Not enough money to build them

Slums will develop

88
Q

Give 2 negative facts about waste disposal and water supply in Mumbai

A

800 million litres of untreated sewage go into the river every day
60% use communal taps

89
Q

What is sustainable development

A

Improving the quality of life without compromising the future generations

90
Q

What is top-down development?

A

Schemes that are funded by the large companies of decisions made by the national government. Local people don’t get involved.

91
Q

What is the overall aim of Vision Mumbai

A

To improve the quality of life

92
Q

When is Vision Mumbai to be completed?

A

2050

93
Q

What are the 4 main aims of Vision Mumbai

A

Demolish slums
Improve water, sanitation and healthcare
Boost economic growth
Improve rail and road transport

94
Q

How is VM boosting the economic growth (1)

A

Developers would buy slum land

95
Q

How is VM going to improve sanitation?

A

Build 300 extra public toilets

Restore 325 ‘green’ spaces that were used for dumping waste

96
Q

Why will VM demolish slums

A

Land is worth $10 billion

Extra 30% more land

97
Q

How will VM improve transport

A

Improve train capacity and safety

Widen and beautify main roads

98
Q

Give 3 points that are for VM

A

In 2007, 45,000 slum homes were demolished
In 2015, new smashers were taken to improve the air quality.
Train platforms have been raised to prevent people from falling in the gaps

99
Q

Give 3 points against VM

A

The waiter quality has not improved and there is now an increase in discharge
New 14 storey apartment blocks have spit communities.
Slums are still rapidly growing

100
Q

What is bottom-up development

A

Experts work with communities to identify their needs, offer assistance and let people have more control over their lives.

101
Q

Give 3 points about the healthcare in Mumbai

A

Diseases spread easily
There is not national health service
There is the disease Leprosy

102
Q

What is Lok Seva Sangham

A

A voluntary agency who aim to control, leprosy

103
Q

Give three key facts about Lok Seva Sangam

A

Registered in 1976
Treated 28,000, cured 21,000
Started with a 100 bed hospital

104
Q

Give two health-related work points for LSS

A

75% of people treated have been cured

Employed full time medical staff including 3 nurses

105
Q

Give 2 education points about LSS

A

They work with women to teach them about sanitation, like washing hands before touching food.
Teachers persuade people that treatment is easy

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