Unit 2 - Development Dynamics Flashcards
The definition of development
A process of change that affects people’s lives. It can involve an improvement in the quality of life.
What is the GDP Per Capita?
The total income of a country in a year divided by the population.
What is the dependency ratio
The proportion of people below 14 and above 65.
What is the maternal mortality
The number of mothers who die per 100,000 during childbirth
What is the fertility rate?
Average number of births per woman
What is the infant mortality
Number of children per 1000 who die before their 1st birthday.
What is the birth and death rate out of?
Per 1000 people per year
Is Malawi developed or undeveloped?
Undeveloped
Why does Malawi have a high birth rate?
No contraception and they want a higher chance of some surviving to help them
What does a wide base in a population pyramid show.
A high birth rate
What are HICs?
High income countries - a group of wealthy countries mostly in the northern hemisphere. E.g America
What are LICs
A group of low income countries mostly in the Southern Hemisphere. E.g Malawi
What is the Brandt Line?
A line used to separate the HICs and the LICs. An older theory
What is MICs?
Middle income countries. E.g Brazil
What is NICs?
Newly Industrialising countries. E.g South Korea
Give 3 disadvantages of the Brandt Line
Not up to date
BRICs were not considered
Poor countries have developed
What was Rostow’s theory
Countries should pass through 5 stages in order to become developed
Give the 5 stages of Rostow’s theory
Traditional society Preconditions for take off Take off Drive to maturity Age of mass consumption
What happens in traditional society?
Farming is main industry
Religion
What happens in preconditions for take off
Set up services e.g banks
What happens in take off
Manufacturing increases, farming decreases
What happens in drive to maturity
Industrialisation and more access to technology.
What happens in age of mass consumption
Luxury items turn to comfort
Give 3 disadvantages of Rostow’s theory
Some western countries used other countries so they couldn’t develop
Based on Europe and USA
1960s - too old, world develops differently
What was Franks Dependency theory?
There was core and periphery countries. The core made the goods with the resources from the periphery. The countries develop through trade.
Core countries are takers, periphery and semi-periphery are makers
Give an example of a core, semi-periphery and periphery countries
Core - Uk
Semi-periphery - Portugal
Periphery - Iceland
Give 3 disadvantages of Frank’s theory
Not all poor countries have resources
1967 - outdated
Some core countries provide their own resources. E.g uk get oil from North Sea.
Give 3 reasons for global inequality
Natural disasters
Landlocked countries
Poor countries in debt
Give 3 reasons why Malawi can’t develop
Over 80% of the population still work in farming
They import more than they export
Increased water pollution
The definition of globalisation
The ways countries have connected to each other. E.g technology
What is the Clark Fisher model?
A model that shows 3 sectors, primary, secondary and tertiary and how they differ through different stages of development
What are the 3 stages of development in the Clark Fisher Model?
Pre-industrial, industrial and post-industrial
What is top-down development?
Schemes that are funded by large companies for decisions that are made by the national government. Local people are not involved.
What is Bottom-up development.
Where local people are involved and educated in order to make their lives better. They are involved in the decisions made.
3 key facts about the Three Gorges Dam
Hydroelectric dam
Biggest dam in Asia
Yangtze River
3 benefits of the Three Gorges Dam
220 million people are protected from flooding
Doesn’t produce pollution or contribute to climate change
Shipping is easier and safer - more trading
3 problems of the Three Gorges Dam
360 million people in danger if the dam bursts
Wildlife have their habitats disrupted
$37 billion
3 key facts about WaterAid UK
Provide clean water for villages
£2.92 for each water pump
Use low tech solutions
3 benefits of WaterAid UK
Installed 20 pumps in Zambia benefiting 5000 people
Trained 218 people in Zambia with practical skills
Built 20 school double latrines.
3 problems of WaterAid UK
Population pressures as village size increases
Corrupt government didn’t supply money for the village to maintain the pumps
Were given £73 million but people still don’t have access to clean water.
3 countries that WaterAid UK help
Zambia
South Africa
Malawi
What is an emerging country
A country with a high to medium human development and recent economic growth
Same as the BRICs
Why is India an emerging country
In 2050, it is predicted to have 2nd largest economy
What helps India develop
Majority of the country is surrounded by sea which allows for trade.
What is Foreign Direct Investment?
Money that is made from companies overseas. E.g India gets money from TNCs
What is a proportional flow line?
A diagram that shows how much money a country makes through exports. This is shown with different thicknesses of the arrows.
Give 2 examples of push factors for India
Little education
Rural houses are wooden, no water or electricity
Give 2 examples of pull factors for leaving India
Higher wages in New Delhi
Women can be educated in urban areas.
What does a wide base show in a population pyramid?
A high birth rate
What does a narrow top show
A high death rate
Give two facts about Maharashtra
They earn money from banking and call centres
Second largest port in the country
Two facts about Bihar
86% of population is rural farming
Still has the caste system low illiterate and low wages
GDP of Bihar
Rupees 27,000
GDP of Maharashtra
Rupees 104,000
Give two to facts on air pollution for India
25 times higher level than safe air
Indians lose three years of their life due to air pollution
Give two facts on water pollution for India
Children get sick 2 to 3 times a month on water
A running tap only opens three times a day
Give two facts on pollution in Dahara slums
Factories spread toxic smoke and chemicals
People throw rubbish on the streets which mixes with clean water when it rains
Why is the water in the Ganges dangerous to bath and drink from
1 billion litres of mostly untreated water and sewage enters it every day
How is education changing in India
Since 2000 $2 billion have been invested in education
How has infrastructure helped India change.
Call centre offices have been set up
What is geopolitical influence
The way the country’s geography and economy affects relationships and influence with other countries
What is the G20 and give two examples
It was a foreign were countries meet to discuss issues and share ideas for example Australia and Canada
What is the UN Security Council and give two examples
Where countries work together for peace and safety of citizens in their country for example Russia and Egypt
What is HDI
Human development index, a score given based on health, education and wealth
