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Geography > Unit 2 - Development Dynamics > Flashcards

Unit 2 - Development Dynamics Flashcards

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1
Q

The definition of development

A

A process of change that affects people’s lives. It can involve an improvement in the quality of life.

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2
Q

What is the GDP Per Capita?

A

The total income of a country in a year divided by the population.

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3
Q

What is the dependency ratio

A

The proportion of people below 14 and above 65.

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4
Q

What is the maternal mortality

A

The number of mothers who die per 100,000 during childbirth

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5
Q

What is the fertility rate?

A

Average number of births per woman

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6
Q

What is the infant mortality

A

Number of children per 1000 who die before their 1st birthday.

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7
Q

What is the birth and death rate out of?

A

Per 1000 people per year

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8
Q

Is Malawi developed or undeveloped?

A

Undeveloped

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9
Q

Why does Malawi have a high birth rate?

A

No contraception and they want a higher chance of some surviving to help them

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10
Q

What does a wide base in a population pyramid show.

A

A high birth rate

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11
Q

What are HICs?

A

High income countries - a group of wealthy countries mostly in the northern hemisphere. E.g America

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12
Q

What are LICs

A

A group of low income countries mostly in the Southern Hemisphere. E.g Malawi

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13
Q

What is the Brandt Line?

A

A line used to separate the HICs and the LICs. An older theory

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14
Q

What is MICs?

A

Middle income countries. E.g Brazil

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15
Q

What is NICs?

A

Newly Industrialising countries. E.g South Korea

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16
Q

Give 3 disadvantages of the Brandt Line

A

Not up to date
BRICs were not considered
Poor countries have developed

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17
Q

What was Rostow’s theory

A

Countries should pass through 5 stages in order to become developed

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18
Q

Give the 5 stages of Rostow’s theory

A 
Traditional society
Preconditions for take off
Take off
Drive to maturity
Age of mass consumption
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19
Q

What happens in traditional society?

A

Farming is main industry

Religion

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20
Q

What happens in preconditions for take off

A

Set up services e.g banks

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21
Q

What happens in take off

A

Manufacturing increases, farming decreases

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22
Q

What happens in drive to maturity

A

Industrialisation and more access to technology.

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23
Q

What happens in age of mass consumption

A

Luxury items turn to comfort

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24
Q

Give 3 disadvantages of Rostow’s theory

A

Some western countries used other countries so they couldn’t develop
Based on Europe and USA
1960s - too old, world develops differently

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25
Q

What was Franks Dependency theory?

A

There was core and periphery countries. The core made the goods with the resources from the periphery. The countries develop through trade.
Core countries are takers, periphery and semi-periphery are makers

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26
Q

Give an example of a core, semi-periphery and periphery countries

A

Core - Uk
Semi-periphery - Portugal
Periphery - Iceland

27
Q

Give 3 disadvantages of Frank’s theory

A

Not all poor countries have resources
1967 - outdated
Some core countries provide their own resources. E.g uk get oil from North Sea.

28
Q

Give 3 reasons for global inequality

A

Natural disasters
Landlocked countries
Poor countries in debt

29
Q

Give 3 reasons why Malawi can’t develop

A

Over 80% of the population still work in farming
They import more than they export
Increased water pollution

30
Q

The definition of globalisation

A

The ways countries have connected to each other. E.g technology

31
Q

What is the Clark Fisher model?

A

A model that shows 3 sectors, primary, secondary and tertiary and how they differ through different stages of development

32
Q

What are the 3 stages of development in the Clark Fisher Model?

A

Pre-industrial, industrial and post-industrial

33
Q

What is top-down development?

A

Schemes that are funded by large companies for decisions that are made by the national government. Local people are not involved.

34
Q

What is Bottom-up development.

A

Where local people are involved and educated in order to make their lives better. They are involved in the decisions made.

35
Q

3 key facts about the Three Gorges Dam

A

Hydroelectric dam
Biggest dam in Asia
Yangtze River

36
Q

3 benefits of the Three Gorges Dam

A

220 million people are protected from flooding
Doesn’t produce pollution or contribute to climate change
Shipping is easier and safer - more trading

37
Q

3 problems of the Three Gorges Dam

A

360 million people in danger if the dam bursts
Wildlife have their habitats disrupted
$37 billion

38
Q

3 key facts about WaterAid UK

A

Provide clean water for villages
£2.92 for each water pump
Use low tech solutions

39
Q

3 benefits of WaterAid UK

A

Installed 20 pumps in Zambia benefiting 5000 people
Trained 218 people in Zambia with practical skills
Built 20 school double latrines.

40
Q

3 problems of WaterAid UK

A

Population pressures as village size increases
Corrupt government didn’t supply money for the village to maintain the pumps
Were given £73 million but people still don’t have access to clean water.

41
Q

3 countries that WaterAid UK help

A

Zambia
South Africa
Malawi

42
Q

What is an emerging country

A

A country with a high to medium human development and recent economic growth
Same as the BRICs

43
Q

Why is India an emerging country

A

In 2050, it is predicted to have 2nd largest economy

44
Q

What helps India develop

A

Majority of the country is surrounded by sea which allows for trade.

45
Q

What is Foreign Direct Investment?

A

Money that is made from companies overseas. E.g India gets money from TNCs

46
Q

What is a proportional flow line?

A

A diagram that shows how much money a country makes through exports. This is shown with different thicknesses of the arrows.

47
Q

Give 2 examples of push factors for India

A

Little education

Rural houses are wooden, no water or electricity

48
Q

Give 2 examples of pull factors for leaving India

A

Higher wages in New Delhi

Women can be educated in urban areas.

49
Q

What does a wide base show in a population pyramid?

A

A high birth rate

50
Q

What does a narrow top show

A

A high death rate

51
Q

Give two facts about Maharashtra

A

They earn money from banking and call centres

Second largest port in the country

52
Q

Two facts about Bihar

A

86% of population is rural farming

Still has the caste system low illiterate and low wages

53
Q

GDP of Bihar

A

Rupees 27,000

54
Q

GDP of Maharashtra

A

Rupees 104,000

55
Q

Give two to facts on air pollution for India

A

25 times higher level than safe air

Indians lose three years of their life due to air pollution

56
Q

Give two facts on water pollution for India

A

Children get sick 2 to 3 times a month on water

A running tap only opens three times a day

57
Q

Give two facts on pollution in Dahara slums

A

Factories spread toxic smoke and chemicals

People throw rubbish on the streets which mixes with clean water when it rains

58
Q

Why is the water in the Ganges dangerous to bath and drink from

A

1 billion litres of mostly untreated water and sewage enters it every day

59
Q

How is education changing in India

A

Since 2000 $2 billion have been invested in education

60
Q

How has infrastructure helped India change.

A

Call centre offices have been set up

61
Q

What is geopolitical influence

A

The way the country’s geography and economy affects relationships and influence with other countries

62
Q

What is the G20 and give two examples

A

It was a foreign were countries meet to discuss issues and share ideas for example Australia and Canada

63
Q

What is the UN Security Council and give two examples

A

Where countries work together for peace and safety of citizens in their country for example Russia and Egypt

64
Q

What is HDI

A

Human development index, a score given based on health, education and wealth

Geography (5 decks)

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