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AP Euro by Jessica > Unit 5 Study Guide > Flashcards

Unit 5 Study Guide Flashcards

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AP® European History flashcards
1
Q

Causes of the crisis leading up to the French Revolution

A

Louis XV- lost 7 yrs’ warRenè Maupeou- abolished parlementsLouis XVI + Marie AntoinetteThen they are way in debt because of the American RevolutionFamine+ bitterly cold winter

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2
Q

Facts about the Compte Rendu

A

Jacques Necker wrote it for Louis XVIWas made publicHad 3 ideas:Not pay debt to American RevolutionNot pay pensionsNo need for taxing peasantry

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3
Q

Makeup of the Estates General & reasons for its convening in 1789

A

1= clergy2= nobles3= bourgeoise Peasantry Urban workersLouis XVI invited them to fix the financial crisis

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4
Q

Financial reforms of Charles Calonne

A

More free-trade enterprise/ less barriersLower taxes like Gabelle( tax on salt)Transform the corveé from labor to $Make the taille (land tax) universal

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5
Q

1st & 2nd Estates attempts to limit rights of 3rd Estate

A

3 proposals:Voting by representativesVoting by estatesDoubling the Third was another proposal

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6
Q

Grievances included as part of the cashiers de doleances

A

Similar, despite differences of classesGovt waste, equitable taxation, wanted to meet regularly, hunting rights, church is corrupt, civic rights, freedoms of: speech, press, to gather, etcELIMINATION OF PRIVILEGE

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7
Q

Creation of the National Assembly

A

The 3rd estate was frustrated, knew that the estates General wasn’t working, and left to make the National Assembly on their own, but they also invited sympathetic 1st and 2nd estate members.

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8
Q

Facts about the Tennis Court Oath

A

The National Assembly was locked out of their regular hangout, so they met on a Tennis Court, and vowed to:Keep meeting until they drafted a constitution

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9
Q

Reasons for riots in winter of 1788 & spring of 1789

A

Food shortages, rising cost of grainFamine of 88

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10
Q

Facts about and significance of the Storming of the Bastille

A

July 14,178960 people killed, angry crowd riotsThe people need gunpowderThis was the STARTING EVENT of the French Revolution

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11
Q

The Great Fear

A

Food would be taken by noblesNever actually happened, but that didn’t stop the people from attacking first

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12
Q

The Night of August 4th

A

First step: announcement that the Ancien Regime is over; Feudalism is abolished

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13
Q

Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen

A

Liberty, Property, Security, Resistance to OppressionWomen excluded

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14
Q

Jean Paul Marat

A

l’ami du peupleRallies people, prints execution lists, killed by Charlotte Corday

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15
Q

The “October Days”

A

Fearsome fish ladies march to Versailles after Marat says that king’s party = trampling the tricolor

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16
Q

National Constituent Assembly and it’s preferred form of gov’t

A

Created from tennis court oathWanted constitutional monarchy

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17
Q

Characteristics & facts about the Constitution of 1791

A

Limited monarchical authorityMade Legislative AssemblyActive/ passive citizens: 50,000 out of 25 mil were eligible

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18
Q

Declaration of the Rights of Women

A

By Olympe de Gougeswanted education, recognition as citizensSaid women were vital to revolution

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19
Q

Examples of economic reforms during the Reconstruction of France

A

Deregulation of tradeMetric systemAssignats( inflation- backfired)

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20
Q

The Civil Constitution of the Clergy

A

Placed French Catholic Church directly under state control Only 83 bishops nowClergy electedCreated jurying and refractory clergyHuge blunder

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21
Q

Roman Catholic Church’s view of the Revolution

A

Pope Pius VI condemned itVery opposed- duh- because of civil constitution of the clergy

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22
Q

Émigrés

A

Self-exiles during early revolution Aristocracy, refractory clergy, and pro-royalistsSpread word of “French Plague”

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23
Q

Characteristics and facts about the Jacobins

A

Broad group- lead the LAIncluded Montagnards and Girondists

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24
Q

Facts about the Sans Culottes and their goals and methods

A

Wanted relief of food shortages and social equalityWanted a republic- like Rousseau Crowd action

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25
Q

The September Massacres

A

France was getting beat on the warfront, so they have to make sure there are no domestic threats-1200 people in prisons slaughtered

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26
Q

Challenges facing the French revolutionary gov’t by 1793

A

Monarchy, counter-revolutionary activities, religious divisions, economic crises, war, political factionalism

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27
Q

The Declaration of Pillnitz

A

Warning from Austria and Prussia saying that if the royal family got harmed in any way, they would intervene militarily

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28
Q

The National Convention and its actions

A

August 10th 1792- Storming of the TuileriesFirst action was :September 21 1782- Declares France a REPUBLIC

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29
Q

Countries at war w/ France by 1793

A

Britain, Austria, Prussia, Sardinia

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30
Q

Edmund Burke’s view of the French Revolution

A

Said French didn’t know what they were doingPredicted lots of problemsDangerous/ not comparable to the American revolution

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31
Q

The Partitions of Poland

A

French ideals spread to Poland- Prussia and Russia tried to stop itPolish went and fought for the French later

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32
Q

Levee en masse

A

Tried to involve EVERYBODY in the army somehow

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33
Q

Ways in which the French Republic attempted to achieve a “Republic of Virtue”

A

Repression of womenDechristianization Revolutionary tribunals

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34
Q

Values important to the Republic of Virtue

A

Terror is a necessary evilCommunity over individualDeismRepression of women

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35
Q

The Committee of Public Safety and its purpose

A

12 membersTo lead French Revolution, defend French Republic

36
Q

Facts about the Reign of Terror

A

Tribunals for foreign and domestic threatsLed by RobespierreGUILLOTINE was tool20,000 killed

37
Q

Law of 22 Prairial

A

Suspended due process so they could kill people faster. Made the reign of terror now known as the great terror

38
Q

Facts about Robespierre

A

Staunch republicanIn charge of committee of public safetyWanted to punish enemiesCreated cult of the supreme being and the republic of virtueWanted religion to be rational, not supernatural”Incorruptible”Got guillotined

39
Q

Results of the Thermidorian Reaction

A

Tempering of revolutionStarted with robespierre’s deathParis jacobin clubs were closedSans-culottes sidelined

40
Q

“Bands of Jesus” and the White Terror

A

Tribunals against the sans- culottesPurification

41
Q

Women’s rights before and after the Revolution

A

Had more rights before than after

42
Q

Facts about Napoleon Bonaparte

A

From CorsicaClimbed the social ladder through militaryMajor victory was Battle of Toulan- when he became a generalWas a jacobin - favored the revolution1799- overthrew directory with abbé sieyes

43
Q

Results of the Coup of 18 Brumaire

A

The council of 500 leaves, Napoleon becomes a consul

44
Q

Treaty of Campo Formio

A

Austria now out of conflict, Napoleon gets Switzerland

45
Q

The Battle at Abukir

A

1st major defat, traps Napoleon in Egypt. Horatio Nelson kicks Napoleon’s butt

46
Q

Ways in which Napoleon attempted to suppress foreign & domestic opposition

A

General amnesty, prefects, secret police, legion of honor, kidnaps duke of Enghien- a bourbon, concordat of 1801Treaty of LunevilleTreaty of Amiens

47
Q

The Concordat of 1801, facts, its purpose, and results:

A

Pope got to declare France officially catholic and Napoleon got:All clergy resigned, loyal clergy appointed as state employees

48
Q

Facts about the Napoleonic Code

A

Aka civil code of 1804Standardized lawsAbolished feudalism + primogenitorStamped out notion of gender equality- males are supremeForbade worker unions

49
Q

Facts regarding Napoleon becoming the Emperor of France

A

Coup of 18 Brumaire/ coup of 18 fructidor Was 1st consul, then consul for lifeRATIFIED THROUGH PLEBISCITE on December 2nd 1804Jacques Louis David painted it

50
Q

The Battle of Trafalgar

A

Off Spanish coastNelson whips Napoleon’s butt but also diesNapoleon has to give up any hope of beating the British on water

51
Q

Prime Minister of Britain during the French Revolution

A

William Pitt the younger

52
Q

Peace of Amiens

A

1802 Really just a truce between Britain and France Napoleon’s early action to dispel tension and get stability

53
Q

Napoleon’s victories in Central Europe

A

Vs. Austria- battle of UlmVs. Austria and Russia- battle of AusterlitzVs. Prussia- battle of JenaVs. Russia- battle of Friedland

54
Q

The Confederation of the Rhine and its significance

A

Created with treaty after the battle of Austerlitz, when Austria cleared out of Italy. End of HRE1806

55
Q

Treaty of Tilsit

A

Favorable to RussiaRussia becomes ally of Napoleon

56
Q

Facts about the Continental System

A

Economic blockade - huge riskForbade allies of Napoleon from trading with Britain Portugal not included

57
Q

The 100 Days

A

Napoleon’s return from Elba

58
Q

Napoleon’s wives

A

Josephine- didn’t produce an heir- got mansion and $Marie Louise- daughter of Austrian Francis I (aka Francis II when he ruled HRE)

59
Q

Napoleon and his family as rulers

A

Only trusted his family- appointed brothers and sisters as rulers of his vast territoryNapoléon Francis Joseph Charles - his son - became the King of Rome

60
Q

Napoleon’s brothers rule in the kingdom of Westphalia

A

ConstitutionallyDONT WORRY ABOUT THIS QUESTION

61
Q

Prussia’s response to Napoleon’s Empire

A

NATIONALISMconstitutional monarchyAbolished serfdom42,000 soldiers dealLed to >270,000 troops

62
Q

Facts about Napoleon’s Peninsular Campaign

A

Spain sends Sir Arthur Wellesley (aka Duke of Wellington)- guerrilla warfareNapoleon becomes weak

63
Q

Facts about Napoleon’s Russian Campaign

A

> 600,000 troops into Russia, only about 97,000 come backScorched Earth - Moscow also lit on fireBattle of Borodino- deadlock Winter took tons of soldiers on their retreat

64
Q

The Battle of Nations

A

Aka battle of LiebsikMajor defeat for NapoleonHe abdicates - for the first time, and goes to Elba

65
Q

Facts about the Congress of Vienna

A

Britain, Austria, Prussia, Russia

66
Q

The Battle of Waterloo

A

Napoleon vs. (Prussian) Blucher and (British) WellingtonHis final military engagementExiled to St. Helena

67
Q

Results of the Treaty of Chaumont

A

Ended Napoleon’s reignDONT WORRY ABOUT THIS QUESTION

68
Q

Kingdom of the Netherlands and other territorial adjustments after Congress of Vienna

A

Buffer zonesConfederation of the Rhine is more independent, goes to Prussia, becomes Germany Genoa now belongs to Sardinia North Italy goes to Austria

69
Q

Central characteristics and facts of Romantic Movement

A

Reaction to enlightenment, deism, and rational thoughtEmotion/feeling= importantInspiration was Middle AgesSterm und drang - storm and stress, German prototype movement To revive art, literature, architectureTO SUPPLEMENT REASON/ enlightenment WITH IMAGINATION

70
Q

Art, literature, and architecture of the Romantics

A

Focused on middle ages

71
Q

Contributions of Rousseau on the Romantic Movement esp. literature

A

ÉmileLife can be good outside of societyKids should learn by trial and error Women are weak

72
Q

Immanuel Kant contributions to Romanticism

A

Critique of pure reasonCritique of practical reasonPhenomenal/ pnumonal worldsCategorical imperative

73
Q

(English) Coleridge (writer) ‘s contributions to Romanticism

A

Rime of the Ancient MarinerWith Wordsworth- lyrical ballads

74
Q

(English) Wordsworth (writer) ‘s contributions to Romanticism

A

With Coleridge- lyrical balladsOde on Intimations of immortality

75
Q

(English) Lord Byron (writer) ‘s contributions to Romanticism

A

Childe Harold’s PilgrimageDon Juan

76
Q

(German) Tieck (writer) ‘s contributions to Romanticism

A

William Lovell

77
Q

(German) Schlegel (writer) ‘s contributions to Romanticism

A

Lucinde

78
Q

(German) Goethe (writer) ‘s contributions to Romanticism

A

The sorrows of young wertherMasterpiece = FAUST- 2 parts

79
Q

Facts/characteristics of Romantic artist Constable

A

Hay wainSalisbury cathedral from the meadows

80
Q

Facts/characteristics of Romantic artist William Turner

A

Rain, speed, steamFighting temeraire

81
Q

Facts/characteristics of Romantic artist Caspar David Friedrich

A

Polar seaWanderer above the sea of fogMan, woman, and moon painting

82
Q

Romantic/Neo-Gothic architecture characteristics and notable monuments/ buildings

A

Absence of pillars/ arches/ domesBusy piers/ steeples/ buttressesMonotoneBritish Houses of Parliament Neuschwanstein castle

83
Q

Facts regarding Methodism

A

Anti-deistReaction to enlightened ideals and Church of EnglandLeader : John Wesley

84
Q

The Genius of Christianity

A

By chateaubriand Disapproved revolutionSaid faith= emotion/ passion

85
Q

Johann Herder’s contributions to Romanticism and German culture

A

Sparked enlightenment resistanceExplained nature with German culture and history

86
Q

Hegel, his views on the conflict of ideas and his contributions to the study of History

A

Thesis: ideas/ events that develop from dominant set if ideasAnti-thesis: challenge thesis, conflicting set of idealsSynthesis: new set of ideas

AP Euro by Jessica (8 decks)

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