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AP Euro by Jessica > Unit 2 Guided Reading > Flashcards

Unit 2 Guided Reading Flashcards

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AP® European History flashcards
1
Q

Birthplace of the reformation

A

Germany and Switzerland

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2
Q

Groups that were proponents or allies of the reformation

A

GuildsPeasantryLaityTownspeople Village folkFree imperial towns

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3
Q

Contributing factors to lay criticism of the church

A

Spread of knowledge

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4
Q

Common goal of 13th-15th lay religious movements

A

New Testament modelReligious simplicity

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5
Q

Ideology of the brothers of the common life

A

Religious life outside formal vows

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6
Q

Imitation of Christ

A

Book that Thomas à Kempis wrote about the modern devotion

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7
Q

Martin Luther

A

Son of a minerParents wanted him to be a lawyer

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8
Q

Salvation according to the medieval church

A

Joint ventureWorks+ grace of god

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9
Q

Facts about the doctrine, practice, and selling of indulgences

A

To save soulsJohan TetzelTreasury if meritLeo x + St. Peter’s When a coin in the coffer rings, a soul from purgatory springs

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10
Q

95 theses

A

Against indulgences10-31-1517Humanists published itWritten in Latin

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11
Q

Literary works of Martin Luther

A

95 thesesaddress to the Christian nobility of the German nation Babylonian captivity Freedom of a Christian Against the murderous and thieving hordes of peasants

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12
Q

Diet of worms

A

April 1521Luther asked to recant

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13
Q

Martin Luther’s view on how salvation was achieved

A

Justification by faith aloneBelief= works= grace= salvation

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14
Q

Peace of Augsburg

A

1555Regional princely controlCUIUS REGIO, EIUS RELIGIO

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15
Q

Reaction to the German peasant revolt

A

Peasantry are the only ones that want it

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16
Q

Diet of Augsburg

A

1530Charles v says to princes, stop this Protestant movement

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17
Q

Schmalkaldic league

A

Protestant defensive allianceMostly Lutheran

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18
Q

Leader of reformation in Zurich

A

Zwingli

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19
Q

Point of contention between Luther and Zwingli

A

Eucharist/ Transubstantiation Luther: actual bodyZwingli: symbol of body

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20
Q

Anabaptists

A

Only adult baptism

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21
Q

John Calvin

A

FrenchGeneva, Switzerland Set up theocracy Wrote Institutes of a Christian religion Believed in predestination

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22
Q

Lutheranism in Denmark

A

Introduced by King Christian II

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23
Q

Religious significance of Magdeburg during the 16th century

A

Protestant refuge

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24
Q

Henry VIII

A

TudorDefender of faithWrote defense of 7 sacraments Killed Wolsey after he talked to the pope

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25
Q

King’s great matter

A

He wanted to marry Anne Boleyn

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26
Q

Reformation parliament

A

1529-1536Convication- the clergy gave up

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27
Q

Act of succession

A

1534

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28
Q

Act of uniformity

A

Book of common prayerCranmer

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29
Q

Act of supremacy

A

Monarch supreme head of church OF England 1534

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30
Q

Dissolution of monasteries

A

Also part of reformation parliament

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31
Q

Wives of Henry VIII

A

Catherine of AragonAnne BoleynJane SeymourAnne of ClevesKatherine HowardCatherine Parr

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32
Q

Tudor monarchs

A

Henry VII 1485-1509Henry VIII 1509-1547Edward VI 1547-1553Mary 1553-1558Elizabeth 1558-1603

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33
Q

Six articles

A

Whip with 6 stingsHenry VIII is still catholic

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34
Q

Jesuits

A

During catholic counter-reformationSelf-mastery

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35
Q

Ignatius of Loyola

A

Established Jesuits

36
Q

Council of Trent

A

1545-1563Internal church discipline Ignored ProtestantsReaffirmationPaul III started

37
Q

Protestants and the views on marriage

A

Clergy could get marriedDivorce is ok

38
Q

Contributing factors of wet nursing

A

Husbands didn’t like itChurch forbade itSocial supremacyConvenience/vanity

39
Q

Miguel de Cervantes

A

Don QuixoteNo schoolingRome, soldier, slave, fake accountant, prisoner, authorREALISM VS. IDEALISM

40
Q

William Shakespeare

A

Richard III, Romeo and Juliet, Othelo, hamlet, Macbeth, King LearKing’s menVery conservative/acceptingTragedies, comedies, histories

41
Q

Baroque/ plain architectural styles

A

Fancy vs. plain

42
Q

Politiques and examples

A

Leaders that put political stability over religious unityEx: Elizabeth I, Henry IVNonex: Bloody Mary, Philip II, Oliver Cromwell

43
Q

Factors that led to Protestant Persecutions in France

A

1525 Francis I got captured, and his men killed Huguenots so that the captor guy would be sympathetic 1534 Affair of the PlacardsAnti catholic placards were plastered all over Paris, then Huguenots got killed

44
Q

Competing families in France after death of Henry II

A

Bourbons,(CONDÉ)Montmorency- Chatillons, (COLIGNY)And Guises (FRANCIS)

45
Q

Characteristics and facts about French Protestants

A

2/5 aristocracy are Calvinists1/15 of population

46
Q

Event which started the French wars of religion

A

1562Massacre at VassyDuke of guise slaughtered Protestants when they were worshipping

47
Q

Effects of the peace of st-Germain-en-Laye

A

1570It was just a truceIt let Protestants fortify towns

48
Q

Facts about st. Bartholomew’s day massacre

A

August 24, 1572Coligny slaughtered3,000 (nobles)Huguenots in Paris killed20-30,000 outside Paris Henry of Navarre sparedBefore= civil war Now= international conflict Massacre backfired on Catholics

49
Q

Characteristics/ facts about Henry IV of France

A

Was Henry of Nevarre was a BourbonConverted to Catholicism to be a politique

50
Q

Facts about the edict of Nantes

A

Ended French wars of religionDeclared Catholicism official religion of France by Henry IV Created states of Huguenots within FranceTurned hot war into a Cold War

51
Q

Key players of the French religious wars

A

Catherine de Medicis + sons: Francis II, Charles IX, Henry III Henry II

52
Q

Climax of Spanish/English hostilities

A

May 30, 1588Defeated Spanish Armada Also same day as battle of the barricades in France

53
Q

Duration of Austrian branch’s holding of western and eastern Habsburg land

A

Into 19th century1848

54
Q

Characteristics of Philip II

A

Managed kingdom by pen/paperLearned/ pious catholicUsed religion for political gain- refused compromiseGenerous patron of the arts and cultureHis son died in 1568

55
Q

Condition of Spanish economy in 16th and 17th centuries

A

Lack of actual goods in Spain itselfInflation

56
Q

The compromise

A

1564Solemn pledge to resist the decrees of the council of Trent Netherlands against Spain now

57
Q

Philip II’s foreign policy and action during 1st half of reign2nd half of reign too

A

1st 1/2: focused on Mediterranean 2nd 1/2: Western Europe and the Netherlands and EnglandThe ottomans got defeated + don John

58
Q

Perpetual edict of 1577

A

Don John signed itRemoved all spanish troops from Netherlands w/in 20 daysCave country to William of orange Ended Philip II’s plansNetherlands won’t ever be an hq for Spain to invade England

59
Q

Major area of resistance that prevented spanish world empire

A

Netherlands

60
Q

Successors of Edward VI of England

A

Lady jane greyMaryElizabethJames ( Mary, queen of scots’ kid)

61
Q

Facts about Mary and her reign

A

Totally catholicMarian persecutions= Bloody Mary -287 Protestants diedMarries Philip II England lost Calais- its last continental holdingMary didn’t want Elizabeth to get the crown

62
Q

Religious extremist who threatened the reign of Elizabeth I

A

Jesuits, Spaniards, Mary of Scots, Presbyterians and Congregationalists

63
Q

Facts about the Elizabethan settlement

A

Compromise between Catholics and ProtestantsPhysical stuff for CatholicsThe actual teachings/ message for ProtestantsGave her nickname “good queen bess”

64
Q

Thirty-nine articles

A

1563Elizabeth Wanted only moderate Protestants - no extremistsDeclared Protestantism the official religion of EnglandMade the Church of England an institution

65
Q

Puritans, Presbyterians, Congregationalists

A

Puritans- wanted SIMPLE churchPresbyterians- wanted SEMI- autonomous congregations, they could teach how they wanted toCongregationalists- wanted COMPLETE autonomy, they could teach what they wanted to

66
Q

Conventicle act

A

1593Made it treasonous to be congregational

67
Q

Causes for outbreak of war between Spain and England

A

The Spanish Netherlands- viewed as threatElizabeth was excommunicatedEnglish piratingSt. Bartholomew’s day massacre (August 24, 1572)Treaty of Nonsuch in 1585- gave Netherlands troops

68
Q

Reasons for pope Sixtus v’s support for Spain against England

A

The pope is catholic, like Spain Duh

69
Q

Significance of the defeat of the Spanish Armada

A

It was a major Protestant victoryThe beginning of the Spanish decline in powerSpain never again attacked ProtestantsFrance is now the most powerfulEngland to begin world empire

70
Q

Preconditions of the thirty years’ war

A

Decentralized HRE- over 360 statesReligious division- peace of Augsburg Calvinism and the palatinate- Frederick III + made it like Geneva Maximilian of Bavaria- catholic hq

71
Q

Political situation of 16th century Germany

A

Over 360 states and rulersSplit politically and economicallyWas the center East and west Lutheran vs. Catholic AND Lutheran vs. Lutheran

72
Q

Significance of Bavaria to the 30 years’ war

A

Was like the catholic headquarters

73
Q

Ecclesiastical reservation

A

Prevented property from switching Either catholic to ProtestantOr Protestant to catholic Nobody followed this rule

74
Q

Importance of Germany to Europe’s merchants and traders

A

Center of trade routes East and west both go there

75
Q

Significance of Heidelberg during the sixteenth century

A

It was like Geneva- a safe haven for Calvinists

76
Q

Defensive alliance of palatinate Calvinists

A

1609England, Netherlands involved

77
Q

Religious population of HRE in 30 yrs’ war

A

Lutherans and Catholics legally recognizedCalvinists not recognized

78
Q

Place of outbreak of thirty years war

A

PragueDefenestration of Prague

79
Q

Phases of the thirty years war

A

Bohemian periodDanish periodSwedish periodSwedish-French period

80
Q

Reason for beginning of thirty years war

A

Bohemian Protestants threw government officials out of a third story windowThey wanted Ferdinand to hear them

81
Q

Actions of Ferdinand, King of Bavaria

A

Becomes HREmperor Is deposed as king of Bavaria

82
Q

Edict of restitution - stage

A

1629Re-institutes catholic holdings on any Lutheran land obtained after 1552Very unrealisticWas an alarm to Protestants-Catholics are taking over

83
Q

Battle of breitenfeld

A

1630Turning point of warHuge Protestant victoryGustarus Adolphus II’s army was offensive and defensive

84
Q

Peace of Prague

A

1635Germans say it’s over now

85
Q

Depopulation of Germany because of thirty years war

A

All the war is fought on HRE soilPeople probably emigrated out1/3 Germans were killed during the war

86
Q

Facts about the treaty of Westphalia

A

1648Ended thirty years warResented edict of restitutionReaffirmed peace of AugsburgCalvinism finally recognizedSwiss confederacy+ Netherlands finally gain independenceBavaria is an elector state Austria and Brandenburg/Prussia become leading states of HRE

AP Euro by Jessica (8 decks)

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