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AnP 1 WQ 2024 > Unit 5 (Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes) > Flashcards

Unit 5 (Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes) Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the structure and function of the spinal cord

A

Ok so you’ve got two branches: the ventral root, and the dorsal root and they have neurons that relay information from your body to your brain or the other way around

spinal nerve contains both sensory + motor neurons, and this is called “mixed nerves”

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2
Q

Ventral Root

A

a branch of spinal nerves, part of the spine’s anatomy, and they contain axons of motor neurons

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3
Q

Dorsal Root

A

a branch of spinal nerves, part of the spine’s anatomy, and they contain axons of sensory neurons; and also dorsal root ganglions contain cell bodies of senosroy neurons

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4
Q

Describe the location of the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral regions of the spinal cord

A

Top to bottom: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and then sacral spinal nerves

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5
Q

Conus Medullaris

A

Terminal end of the spinal cord

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6
Q

Filium Terminale

A

a slender strand of fibrous tissue, extends from the inferior tip of the conus medullaris

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7
Q

Cauda Equine

A

bundle of nerves that projects from the inferior end of spinal cord, it’s made up of um bar and sacral spinal nerves

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8
Q

Arrangement of spinal cord

A

Top to bottom: cervical enlargement, lumbar enlargement, conus medullaris., and then filum terminale

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9
Q

White matter

A

contains mostly myelinated and some unmyelinated axons; each column contains tracts of fasciculi (bundles of axons relaying info up + down spinal cord)

you have 1) Ascending tracts, and 2) Descending tracts

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10
Q

Ascending Tracts

A

In white matter, carries info up TO the brain

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11
Q

Descending Tracts

A

In white matter, carries motor commands DOWN to the spinal cord

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12
Q

Enlargements

A

of the spinal cord; two made up of segments of grey matter

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13
Q

Cervical Enlargement

A

supplies nerves to the shoulders and upper limbs

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14
Q

Lumbosacral enlargement

A

innervates structures of the pelvis and lower limbs

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15
Q

Grey Matter

A

contains neuron cell bodies, and unmyelinated axons; it’s greatest in segments of the spinal cord dedicated to the sensory and motor control of limbs

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16
Q

Spinal Meninges

A

they’re specialized membranes that isolate spinal cord from its surroundings, and their jobs are to protect the spinal cord, carry blood supply, and they’re continuous w/cranial meninges

we have three: 1) dura, 2) arachnoid, and 3) pia

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17
Q

Dura Mater

A

Spinal meninge, the layer that forms the outermost/superficial layer covering the spinal cord; it’s made up of dense collagen fibers

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18
Q

Epidural Space

A

between the dura and walls of vertebral canal, and it is a region that contains aerolar tissue, blood vessels, and a protective padding of adipose tissue

19
Q

Arachnoid Mater

A

the middle meninges layer, comes into contact w/inner dura; made up of a delicate network of collagen fibers; contains subarachnoid space

20
Q

Subarachnoid Space

A

between the arachnoid membrane + outer surface of pia mater, FILLED w/CSF (cerebral spinal fluid)

21
Q

Pia Mater

A

the subarachnoid space between the arachnoid epithelium and innermost meninges layer; a meshwork of elastic + collagen fibers that are firmly bound to underlying tissue

22
Q

Tract

A

a bundle of axons relaying info up and down the spinal cord

23
Q

Illustrate the anatomy of spinal nerves including each layer of connective tissue and the location of blood vessels

A

ok so you’ve got the 1) Epinerium, 2) Perinerium, 3) Endonerium

24
Q

Epinerium

A

outer layer, contains blood vessels

25
Q

Perinerium

A

middle layer, divides nerves fascicles (axon bundles)

26
Q

Endonerium

A

inner layer, surrounds individual axons

27
Q

Four major nerve plexus

A

Cervicle, brachial, lumbar, and sacral

28
Q

Cervicle Plexus

A

innervates. neck, thoracic cavity, and diaphragmatic muscles

29
Q

Brachial Plexus

A

innervates pectoral girdle + upper limbs

30
Q

Lumbar Plexus

A

innervates anterior pelvic girdle + lower limbs

31
Q

Sacral Plexus

A

innervates posterior pelvic girdle + lower limbs

32
Q

Sensory Nuclei

A

Somatic: skin, muscles, and bone
Visceral: internal organs/structures

33
Q

Motor Nuclei

A

Somatic: skeletal muscles
Visceral: autonomic nervous system

34
Q

Reflex

A

autonomic responses to stimuli coordinated within CNS

35
Q

Reflexive

A

1) arrival of stimulus
2) activity of a sensory neuron
3) information processing in the CNS
4) activation of motor neuron
5) response by peripheral effector

36
Q

Withdrawal Reflexes

A

move body part away from stimulus (pain or pressure usually)

37
Q

Postsynaptic Reflexes

A

1) more complicated than monosynaptic reflexes
2) interneurons controls more than one muscles group
3) involve EPSPs or IPSPs

38
Q

Explain how the brain can impact spinal cord-based reflexes

A

reflexive behaviors are automatic, but processing centers in the brain can facilitate/inhibit reflex motor patterns based in spinal cord

ex: urination + defecation
trip and fall w/o or w/a valuable item in hand
blocking normal reflex- think Dr. Luckey + snake bite

39
Q

Contrast the different classifications of reflexes

A

there’s 1) development, 2) response, 3) complexity of circuit, and 3) processing site

40
Q

Development reflexes

A

Innate reflexes: genetically determined, formed at birth; also Acquired Reflexes: learned

innate examples: coughing, eating, blinking
acquired examples: riding a bike, driving a car

41
Q

Response Reflexes

A

Somatic Reflexes: control skeletal muscle contractions and and include superficial and stretch reflexes; also Visceral (Autonomic Reflexes): control actions of smooth and cardiac muscles, glands, and adipose tissue

somatic examples: touching a hot plate and moving away
visceral examples: fight-or-flight response

42
Q

complexity of circuit reflexes

A

monosynaptic: one synapse
polysynaptic: multiple synapse (two to several hundred)

43
Q

processing sute reflexes

A

spinal reflexes: processing in spinal cord
cranial reflexes: processing in the brain

AnP 1 WQ 2024 (10 decks)

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