Unit 5: Political Participation Flashcards by TAYLOR VIVANCO

People vote in a secret ballot for the candidate they want to represent a party in a […]

People vote in a secret ballot for the candidate they want to represent a party in a Primary

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An hours long event to select a candidate to represent a party is a […]

An hours long event to select a candidate to represent a party is a Caucus

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In a […] only party registerees can vote to select a candidate to represent the party

In a Closed Primary only party registerees can vote to select a candidate to represent the party

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In an […] you can request which party ballot you would like to vote in

In an** Open Primary **you can request which party ballot you would like to vote in

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In a […] the ballot has all the candidates from every party and you can vote for any candidate for any party

In a **Blanket Primary **the ballot has all the candidates from every party and you can vote for any candidate for any party

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Politicians may consider running for office with ads, fundraising, and polling - […]

Politicians may consider running for office with ads, fundraising, and polling - Invisible Primary

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The […] will usually win the primary and the general

The Incumbent will usually win the primary and the general

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Incumbents win because they can use their position to promote themselves - […]

Incumbents win because they can use their position to promote themselves - Incumbent Advantage Phenomenon

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Some states try to put their primary first in the election cycle - […]

Some states try to put their primary first in the election cycle - Frontloading

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[…] is a day when a lot of states have their primary to announce a large number of delegates for the candidates

Super Tuesday is a day when a lot of states have their primary to announce a large number of delegates for the candidates

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Winning all the delegates or electors in a state is called […]

Winning all the delegates or electors in a state is called Winner-take-all

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When states divide delegates or electors based on the popular vote it is […]

When states divide delegates or electors based on the popular vote it is Proportional

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States that always vote red and blue are […] while those that change often are […]

States that always vote red and blue are Safe States while those that change often are Swing States

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In the […] people vote to tell their state’s electors how to vote for president, it is represented by how many congresspeople a state has

In the Electoral College people vote to tell their state’s electors how to vote for president, it is represented by how many congresspeople a state has

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[…] amendment gives DC 3 electors

23rd amendment gives DC 3 electors

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The election between the presidential election is called […]

The election between the presidential election is called The Midterms

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[…] occurs when a popular presidential candidate wins and also helps congresspeople from the same party win

Coattail Effect occurs when a popular presidential candidate wins and also helps congresspeople from the same party win

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[…] pour thousands and millions of dollars into an election to buy ads

Political Action Committees (PACs) pour thousands and millions of dollars into an election to buy ads

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The group of eligible voters it the […]

The group of eligible voters it the Electorate

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Earning the right to vote is getting […]

Earning the right to vote is getting Franchised

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Qualifications one must meet to vote is […]

Qualifications one must meet to vote is Suffrage

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Black Americans get right to vote - […]

Constitution

Black Americans get right to vote - 15th Amendment

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Women get the right to vote - […]

Constitution

Women get the right to vote - 19th Amendment

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18 y/o gets the right to vote - […]

Constitution

18 y/o gets the right to vote - 26th Amendment

Senators are chosen by the people - [...] ## Footnote Constitution

Senators are chosen by the people - **17th Amendment**

No more poll taxes - [...] ## Footnote Constitution

No more poll taxes - **24th Amendment**

Two laws that try to outlaw some voter discrimination - [...]

Two laws that try to outlaw some voter discrimination - **1957 and 1964 Civil Rights Act**

Major law addressing voter discrimination, outlaws poll taxes, government oversight of state voting laws - [...]

Major law addressing voter discrimination, outlaws poll taxes, government oversight of state voting laws - **1965 Voting Rights Act**

[...] is a voting model where voters research and study candidates/issues

**Rational Choice Voting** is a voting model where voters research and study candidates/issues

[...] is a voting model where voters look at a candidate's history

**Retrospective Voting** is a voting model where voters look at a candidate's history

[...] is a voting model where voters look to what a candidate might do in the future

**Prospective Voting** is a voting model where voters look to what a candidate might do in the future

[...] is a voting model where voters just vote for the party they align with

**Party-Line Voting** is a voting model where voters just vote for the party they align with

[...] is the percentage of votes cast by the total eligible population

**Voter Turnout** is the percentage of votes cast by the total eligible population

People must [...] before being able to vote in an election

People must **Register** before being able to vote in an election

Voting regions are divided into large [...] which are divided into smaller [...] of about [#] people with one polling center

Voting regions are divided into large** Wards **which are divided into smaller **Precincts** of about **500-1000** people with one polling place

[...] aka the Motor Voter Law requires state DMVs to give a chance to register voters

**National Voter Registration Act (1993)** aka the Motor Voter Law requires state DMVs to give a chance to register voters

[...] requires states to update to electronic voting systems

**Help America Vote Act (2002)** requires states to update to electronic voting systems

[...] are printed and distributed by the state for free, list every eligible candidate, are available ONLY at polling places, and are completed in secret

**Australian Ballot** are printed and distributed by the state for free, list every eligible candidate, are available ONLY at polling places, and are completed in secret

[...] are mail-in ballots or early ballots, delivered to everyone in CA but in some states you must request in advanced

**Absentee Ballots **are mail-in ballots or early ballots, delivered to everyone in CA but in some states you must request in advanced

[...] is given when a mistake is made with voter registration so people can still vote but needs to be confirmed later

**Provisional Ballot **is given when a mistake is made with voter registration so people can still vote but needs to be confirmed later

[...] are in some states that require an ID to be shown when voting

**Voter ID Laws** are in some states that require an ID to be shown when voting

Voting generally takes [...] but communities of color are [...] more likely to have wait times of 2+ hours

Voting generally takes **15 minutes** but communities of color are **6x** more likely to have wait times of 2+ hours

[...] are the elections between the presidential elections, people are [...] to vote in them

**Midterms** are the elections between the presidential elections, people are **less likely** to vote in them

Things that affect how people vote is [...(x3)...]

Things that affect how people vote is gender, race, age

[...] connect the government to the people, like political parties

**Linkage Institutions** connect the government to the people, like political parties

Each party has a committee that manages the election, at the [...] they build out a [...] which has all of the policy goals for the upcoming 4 years

Each party has a committee that manages the election, at the **Convention** they build out a **Platform** which has all of the policy goals for the upcoming 4 years | Democratic national committee (DNC) & Republican national committee (RNC

There are certain elections that change the course of the party and the national landscape called [...]

There are certain elections that change the course of the party and the national landscape called **Critical Elections**

When Parties emerge or change platforms it is called [...], such as during the New Deal Coalition or the Jackson Democracy

When Parties emerge or change platforms it is called **Party Realignment,** such as during the New Deal Coalition or the Jackson Democracy

To give more power to party officials, the Democrats created [...] which have power in an election independent from elected delegates

To give more power to party officials, the Democrats created **Superdelegates** which have power in an election independent from elected delegates

We have a [...] which makes Third Parties difficult to form because of [...] which allows the highest voted party to win all of the seats in a district

We have a **Two-Party System** which makes Third Parties difficult to form because of **Winner-Takes-All Voting** which allows the highest voted party to win all of the seats in a district

Third parties need enough signatures to get [...]

Third parties need enough signatures to get **Ballot Access**

The [...] is the connection between politicians, interest groups, and the bureaucracy and how they all work together to shape policy

The **Iron Triangle** is the connection between politicians, interest groups, and the bureaucracy and how they all work together to shape policy

[...] are the broad coalition of groups and politicians working to address a specific issue

**Issue Networks** are the broad coalition of groups and politicians working to address a specific issue

Lobbying is trying to convince politicians to vote a certain way, [...] happens in meetings with politicians while [...] may be more organic movements such as protests

Lobbying is trying to convince politicians to vote a certain way, **direct lobbying **happens in meetings with politicians while **grassroots lobbying** may be more organic movements such as protests

Individuals who represent a face of a movement or a politician who may be associated more with the grassroots are called [...]

Individuals who represent a face of a movement or a politician who may be associated more with the grassroots are called **grasstops**

Lobbying groups form around [...]

Lobbying groups form around **ideology, single issues, or professional associations**

People may switch between lobbying and being a politician - [...]

People may switch between lobbying and being a politician - **Revolving Door**