Unit 2: Interactions Among the Branches Flashcards

1
Q

The Senate has the power of […], they review and approve treaties and appointments

A

The Senate has the power of Advice and Consent, they review and approve treaties and appointments

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2
Q

A […] legislature is divided into 2

A

A bicameral legislature is divided into 2

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3
Q

Like-minded people come together in […] to draft policy as a party or around a single issue, these are […] groups

A

Like-minded people come together in caucases to draft policy as a party or around a single issue, these are informal groups

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4
Q

[…] form when congress people have strong working relationships with each other, these are […] groups

A

Coalitions form when congress people have strong working relationships with each other, these are informal groups

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5
Q

Article I, Section 8 of Constitution outlines the […] or the specific powers granted to congress

A

Article I, Section 8 of Constitution outlines the enumerated powers or the specific powers granted to congress

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6
Q

At the end of the Enumerated Powers are the […] - Necessary and Proper Clause

A

At the end of the Enumerated Powers are the Implied Powers - Necessary and Proper Clause

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7
Q

The […] is the body of the Legislative Branch that is proportional to population

A

The House of Representatives is the body of the Legislative Branch that is proportional to population

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8
Q

[…], aka the […], grants Congress non-listed powers that are necessary to run a country

A

Necessary and Proper Clause, aka the Elastic Clause, grants Congress non-listed powers that are necessary to run a country

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9
Q

The […] grants Congress the power to tax and spend

A

The Power of the Purse grants Congress the power to tax and spend

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10
Q

The […] is the body of the Legislative Branch with 2 reps per state

A

The Senate is the body of the Legislative Branch with 2 reps per state

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11
Q

Before the […], Senators were elected by […] but after were elected by […]

A

Before the 17th Amendment, Senators were elected by state legislators but after were elected by the people

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12
Q

The […] limits the power of the President to go to war without consent of Congress

A

The War Powers Act (1973) limits the power of the President to go to war without consent of Congress

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13
Q

During Filibuster, the […] can end debate with a […] Supermajority vote

A

During Filibuster, the Cloture Rule can end debate with a 3/5th Supermajority vote

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14
Q

All House members are a part of the […] where there are […] and […]

A

All House members are a part of the Committee of the Whole where there are less rules and more debate

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15
Q

The yearly between spending and revenue is the […], this gets added to the overall […]

A

The yearly between spending and revenue is the deficit, this gets added to the overall debt

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16
Q

To vote on a bill that is stuck in committee, […] in the House of Reps must sign a […]

A

To vote on a bill that is stuck in committee, simple majority in the House of Reps must sign a discharge petition

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17
Q

[…] is the fuding that Congress debates how to spend each year

A

Discretionary spending is the fuding that Congress debates how to spend each year

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18
Q

Senators can […] or debate for an […] amount of time in order to […] a bill

A

Senators can Filibuster or debate for an unlimtied amount of time in order to block a bill

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19
Q

Due to […], House members may only offer […] amendments directly related to the bill

A

Due to limited speaking time, House members may only offer Germane amendments directly related to the bill

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20
Q

Senators can try to block a bill by putting it on […], or stalling the discussion to a later time

A

Senators can try to block a bill by putting it on Hold, or stalling the discussion to a later time

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21
Q

Members of both houses will join a […] to address a long-term issue or program

A

Members of both houses will join a Joint Committee to address a long-term issue or program

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22
Q

Members of Congress do […] to convince others to support their bill by giving another bill their support

A

Members of Congress do Logrolling to convince others to support their bill by giving another bill their support

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23
Q

[…]is the money the government MUST spend on programs like […]

A

Mandatory spending is the money the government MUST spend on programs like social security, medicare, and medicaid

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24
Q

An […] includes multiple areas of law to address multiple programs

A

An Omnibus Bill includes multiple areas of law to address multiple programs

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25
Q

Congresspeople will do Pork-Barrel Spending to […] some […] for their home district

A

Congresspeople will do Pork-Barrel Spending to reserve some funding for their home district

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26
Q

The Vice President is also the […] but only votes as a […]

A

The Vice President is also the President of the Senate but only votes as a tie breaker

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27
Q

Senate’s most senior member of the majority party is the […] Tempore but is mostly has […] duties

A

Senate’s most senior member of the majority party is the President Pro Tempore but is mostly has ceremonial duties

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28
Q

Riders are additional amendments […] to the initial bill that can be added to make it more likely to pass

A

Riders are additional amendments not related to the initial bill that can be added to make it more likely to pass

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29
Q

The House […] acts as the traffic cop for bills, determining where they go and when

A

The House Rules Committee acts as the traffic cop for bills, determining where they go and when

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30
Q

Temporary […] are formed when a bill passes in both houses with slight differences to decide on a […]

A

Temporary Conference Committees are formed when a bill passes in both houses with slight differences to decide on a compromise

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31
Q

Temporary […] are formed to conduct a […]

A

Temporary Select Committees are formed to conduct a special investigation

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32
Q

The leader of the majority party of the Senate becomes the […] to hold the most power

A

The leader of the majority party of the Senate becomes the Senate Majority Leader to hold the most power

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33
Q

The leader of the dominant party becomes the […] to hold the most power in the […]

A

The leader of the majority party of the House becomes the Speaker of the House to hold the most power

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34
Q

A bill’s […] will bring the bill to Congress and become the author

A

A bill’s Sponsor will bring the bill to Congress and become the author

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35
Q

When all senators agree this is […], this is occassionaly required for certain actions to make […] run slower

A

When all senators agree this is Unanimous Consent, this is occassionaly required for certain actions to make Senate run slower

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36
Q

The most powerful committee of the House is the […] and determines […]

A

The most powerful committee of the House is the Ways and Means Committee and determines tax policies

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37
Q

The Whip is in charge of […] and keeps track of the […] in their party

A

The Whip is in charge of party discipline and keeps track of the potential votes in their party

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38
Q

Baker v Carr (1962) establishes the principle of […]

A

Baker v Carr (1962) establishes the principle of one person-one vote

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39
Q

Representatives that try to follow the will of their constituents follow the […]

A

Representatives that try to follow the will of their constituents follow the Delegate Model

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40
Q

Drawing district lines to beneift one party is […]

A

Drawing district lines to beneift one party is gerrymandering

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41
Q

At times, strong partisan divisions cause […], preventing bills from moving through Congress

A

At times, strong partisan divisions cause gridlock, preventing bills from moving through Congress

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42
Q

A […] is at the end of their term when they are about to be replaced so they cannot get much done

A

A “Lame Duck” President is at the end of their term when they are about to be replaced so they cannot get much done

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43
Q

Districts should be drawn in a way that gives […]

A

Districts should be drawn in a way that gives “One Person-One Vote”

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44
Q

Representatives that try to follow their own will while occassionaly responding to the will of the people follows the […]

A

Representatives that try to follow their own will while occassionaly responding to the will of the people follows the Politico Model

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45
Q

Drawing district lines based on race is […]

A

Drawing district lines based on race is Racial Gerrymandering

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46
Q

Race cannot be the […] factor in determining districts in […]

A

Race cannot be the only factor in determining districts in Shaw v Reno (1993)

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47
Q

Districts with close elections each year are […] and it is difficult to […] how they will vote

A

Districts with close elections each year are Swing Districts and it is difficult to predict how they will vote

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48
Q

Representatives that try to follow their own judgement and will follow the […]

A

Representatives that try to follow their own judgement and will follow the Trustee Model

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49
Q

Presidents can […] congressmembers to support their ideas or a bill

A

Presidents can Bargain and Persuade congressmembers to support their ideas or a bill

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50
Q

As Commander in Chief, the president is the […]

A

As Commander in Chief, the president is the head of the US military

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51
Q

The Constitution specifically describes the […] Powers of the President

A

The Constitution specifically describes the Formal Powers of the President

52
Q

The President has additional […] that are not listed in the Constitution

A

The President has additional Informal Powers that are not listed in the Constitution

53
Q

The President may have an […] with the head of state of another nation but it is not binding as law

A

The President may have an Executive Agreement with the head of state of another nation but it is not binding as law

54
Q

The President can direct the Executive Branch how to implement a law through an […]

A

The President can direct the Executive Branch how to implement a law through an Executive Order

55
Q

[…] allows the President to keep some information private

A

Executive Privilege allows the President to keep some information private

56
Q

If the President doesn’t agree with a Bill that was passed, they can […] it

A

If the President doesn’t agree with a Bill that was passed, they can Veto it

57
Q

In the 90s, the President had the power to cross out specific lines of a bill, called […], until it was ruled unconstitutional

A

In the 90s, the President had the power to cross out specific lines of a bill, called Line Item Veto, until it was ruled unconstitutional

58
Q

Bills not signed by the president in […] automatically pass

A

Bills not signed by the president in 10 days automatically pass

59
Q

If Congress goes on break before the president signs a bill and it is within the 10-day period, that bill is […]

A

If Congress goes on break before the president signs a bill and it is within the 10-day period, that bill is Pocket Vetoed

60
Q

Presidents have a […] of policies they hope to […] while in office

A

Presidents have a Policy Agenda of policies they hope to implement or pass while in office

61
Q

Presidents may write a […] to explain what they think a bill they are signing means

A

Presidents may write a Signing Statement to explain what they think a bill they are signing means

62
Q

[…] represent the US to other countries and they are nominated by the […] then approved and appointed by the […]

A

Ambassadors represent the US to other countries and they are nominated by the Presisdent then approved and appointed by the Senate

63
Q

The presidential […] is made up of the Department Heads and works with the President to […] the law

A

The presidential Cabinet is made up of the Department Heads and works with the President to execute the law

64
Q

[…] works in the White House to make sure everything runs smoothly

A

Chief of Staff works in the White House to make sure everything runs smoothly

65
Q

President has some […] not in the Constitution but are just needed to execute good government

A

President has some Inherent Powers not in the Constitution but are just needed to execute good government

66
Q

The top military leaders in the nation make up the […] to advise the president

A

The top military leaders in the nation make up the **Joint Chiefs of Staff **to advise the president

67
Q

[…] have assumed more power than is outlined in the Constitution

A

Imperial Presidents have assumed more power than is outlined in the Constitution

68
Q

[…] used his popularity to assume more power
[…] used a national crisis to assume more power
[…] used international politics to assume more power
[…] used a national turning point to assume more power

Assuming Power does is not necessarily have a negative thing

A

Andrew Jackson used his popularity to assume more power
Abraham Lincoln used a national crisis to assume more power
Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson used international politics to assume more power
Franklin D. Roosevelt used a national turning point to assume more power

69
Q

[…] Amendment limits the presidency to 2 terms

A

22nd Amendment limits the presidency to 2 terms

70
Q

Early on, Presidents followed […] to limit their own powers of the office

A

Early on, Presidents followed Washington’s Example to limit their own powers of the office

71
Q

Presidents may use a […] to push Congress to vote a certain way by communicating directly to the people

A

Presidents may use a Bully Pulpit to push Congress to vote a certain way by communicating directly to the people

72
Q

Presidents deliver a yearly […] to Congress to update them on the progress and goals for the nation

A

Presidents deliver a yearly State of the Union to Congress to update them on the progress and goals for the nation

73
Q

[…] is the Jurisdiction a court has to hear an Appeal

A

Appellate Jurisdiction is the Jurisdiction a court has to hear an Appeal

74
Q

[…] is where a case can be heard or tried

A

Jurisdication is where a case can be heard or tried

75
Q

The […] is the head of all […] in the Federal Courts, they will work with other federal agencies and advise Attorneys

A

The Attorney General is the head of all attorneys in the Federal Courts, they will work with other federal agencies and advise Attorneys

76
Q

When someone loses a decision in a lower court they can submit a […] to a higher court asking them to review the case

A

When someone loses a decision in a lower court they can submit a Petition of Certiorari to a higher court asking them to review the case

77
Q

Supreme Court reviews the constitutionality of laws and policy through […]

A

Supreme Court reviews the constitutionality of laws and policy through Judicial Review

78
Q

[…] refers to the authority of a court to hear a case for the first time

A

Original jurisdiction refers to the authority of a court to hear a case for the first time

79
Q

The second level and the more regional courts are the […]

A

The second level and the more regional courts are the Circuit Court of Appeals

79
Q

The first level and most local federal court is the […]

A

The first level and most local federal court is the US District Courts

80
Q

The highest level and national court is the […]

A

The highest level and national court is the Supreme Court

81
Q

Higher courts rulings set […] that lower courts must follow

A

Higher courts rulings set Binding Precedent that lower courts must follow

82
Q

When courts make a decision, they set […] for how cases might be ruled on in the future

A

When courts make a decision, they set precedent for how cases might be ruled on in the future

83
Q

Lower courts can set […] for how other courts at the same level might rule on an issue

A

Lower courts can set Persuasive Precedent for how other courts at the same level might rule on an issue

84
Q

The current Chief Justice of the SCOTUS who has served since 2005 is […]

A

The current Chief Justice of the SCOTUS who has served since 2005 is John Roberts

85
Q

Higher courts may not change anything and let the decision stand from the lower courts, […]

A

Higher courts may not change anything and let the decision stand from the lower courts, stare decisis

86
Q

Justices will write a […] to explain how they voted and why

A

Justices will write a Majority Opinion to explain how they voted and why

87
Q

Justices who vote against the Majority will write a […] to explain why they disagree

A

Justices who vote against the Majority will write a Dissenting Opinion to explain why they disagree

87
Q

Justices who voted for the majority but disagree with the majority’s reasoning, they will write a […]

A

Justices who voted for the majority but disagree with the majority’s reasoning, they will write a concurring opinion

88
Q

When a higher court agrees to hear a case from a lower court, they grant a […]

A

When a higher court agrees to hear a case from a lower court, they grant a Writ of Certiorari

89
Q

Judges who are willing to interpret the Constitution as it applies to a modern context are […]

A

Judges who are willing to interpret the Constitution as it applies to a modern context are Liberal Constructionists

90
Q

Judges who closely follow the Constitution’s as it was written in the past are […]

A

Judges who closely follow the Constitution’s as it was written in the past are Strict Constructionists

91
Q

[…] - four justices must agree to take up a case

A

Rule of Four - four justices must agree to take up a case

92
Q

[…] was a judge who did not get a position because of extreme views, he got […]!

A

Robert Bork was a judge who did not get a position because of extreme views, he got Borked!

93
Q

Obama nominated […] but the Senate refused to hear any nominees for 10 months, this was unprecedented

A

Obama nominated Merrick Garland but the Senate refused to hear any nominees for 10 months, this was unprecedented

94
Q

Judges who overturn laws do […]

A

Judges who overturn laws do Judicial Activism

95
Q

Judges who try not to use their powers do […]

A

Judges who try not to use their powers do Judicial Restraint

96
Q

Getting rid of the Filibuster is the […]

A

Getting rid of the Filibuster is the Nuclear Option

97
Q

Presidents can ask Senators who should be appointed to the lower courts, […]

A

Presidents can ask Senators who should be appointed to the lower courts, Senatorial Courtesy

98
Q

Congress can define […], or the types of cases the courts can hear

A

Congress can define Standing, or the types of cases the courts can hear

99
Q

[…] faced controversy in his appointment when Anita Hill came forward about sexual harassment in a highly televised hearing

A

Clarence Thomas faced controversy in his appointment when Anita Hill came forward about sexual harassment in a highly televised hearing

100
Q

The […] is a system of government administration where non-elected officials, organized in a hierarchical structure, implement the laws and policies created by the legislative branch

A

The Bureaucracy is a system of government administration where non-elected officials, organized in a hierarchical structure, implement the laws and policies created by the legislative branch

101
Q

The Pendleton Service Act created the […] which replaced the patronage system with a […] system

A

The Pendleton Service Act created the Civil Service Commission which replaced the patronage system with a merit system

102
Q

The Civil Service Reform Act (1978) replaces the Civil Service Commission with the […] and tried to better the […] system

A

The Civil Service Reform Act (1978) replaces the Civil Service Commission with the Office of Personnel Management and tried to better the merit system

103
Q

Bureaucracy checks private businesses through […] to ensure they are following […]

A

Bureaucracy checks private businesses through Compliance Monitoring to ensure they are following standards/rules

104
Q

The Iron Triangle is a network of the […], […], and […] that work together to write and shape policy

A

The Iron Triangle is a network of the Bureaucracy, Congress, and Interest Groups that work together to write and shape policy

105
Q

[…] are a broad network of people and groups working to address one issue

A

Issue Networks are a broad network of people and groups working to address one issue

106
Q

Appointing friends and supporters is a […] while appointing people who are experienced and qualified is a […]

A

Appointing friends and supporters is a Patronage System while appointing people who are experienced and qualified is a Merit System

107
Q

The Clinton-Era National Performance Review investigated the […] and cut out […] to make it function more smoothly

A

The Clinton-Era National Performance Review investigated the Bureaucracy and cut out rules and standards to make it function more smoothly

108
Q

Administrative Procedures Act (1946) makes rule making more […] and requires bureaucracy to involve […]

A

Administrative Procedures Act (1946) makes rule making more transparent and requires bureaucracy to involve the public

109
Q

Code of Federal Regulations is the large […] created by the Bureaucracy

A

Code of Federal Regulations is the large list of rules and regulations created by the Bureaucracy

110
Q

Congress writes […] laws and allows the Bureaucracy to […] them, to give Delegated Discretionary Authority

A

Congress writes open-ended laws and allows the Bureaucracy to interpret them, to give Delegated Discretionary Authority

111
Q

Department of Education manages […]

A

Department of Education manages Education programs

112
Q

Department of Homeland Security focuses on […], […], and […]

Think TSA, FEMA, Coast Guard

A

Department of Homeland Security focuses on anti-terrorism, border security, and emergency response

Think TSA, FEMA, Coast Guard

113
Q

Department of Transportation creates standards for [……..]

A

Department of Transportation creates standards for public transit, , railroads, highways, driving, flying, boating, etc.

114
Q

Environmental Protection Agency protects […], […], and […] from pollution and contamination

A

Environmental Protection Agency protects air, water, and land from pollution and contamination

115
Q

Federal Election Commission protects the security and integrity of […]

A

Federal Election Commission protects the security and integrity of elections

116
Q

Department of Veterans Affairs provides […], […], and […] to veterans

A

Department of Veterans Affairs provides beneifts, healthcare, and cemetery services to veterans

117
Q

Securities and Exchange Commission regulates the […] and protects […]

A

Securities and Exchange Commission regulates the market and protects investors

118
Q

Independent Regulatory Agencies are […] by Congress with less […] by the President

A

Independent Regulatory Agencies are created by Congress with less control by the President

119
Q

Agencies release a […] so that the public can come and share comments

A

Agencies release a Notice-and-comment opportunity so that the public can come and share comments

120
Q

Congress grants […] of funding to agencies and programs for specific purposes

A

Congress grants Appropriations of funding to agencies and programs for specific purposes

121
Q

Congress creates […] each year, outlining how much money each Agency can spend

A

Congress creates Authorization of Spending each year, outlining how much money each Agency can spend

122
Q

[…] refers to Congress’ authority to conduct hearings, investigations, and budget reviews of the Bureaucracy

A

Congressional Oversight refers to Congress’ authority to conduct hearings, investigations, and budget reviews of the Bureaucracy

123
Q

New rules and regulations are published daily in the […]

A

New rules and regulations are published daily in the Federal Register

124
Q

Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) observes other agencies to make sure rules don’t conflict with […] or […]

A

Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) observes other agencies to make sure rules don’t conflict with each other or the President’s goals

125
Q

Whistleblower Protection Act (1989) gives some protections to […] who come forward to release information about […] or […]

A

Whistleblower Protection Act (1989) gives some protections to government workers who come forward to release information about corruption or rule breaking