Unit 1: Foundations of American Democracy Flashcards
Natural rights are […] of all people: […], […], and […]
Natural rights are inherent rights of all people: Life, Liberty, and Pursuit of Happiness
Popular Sovereignty argues that the source of political power lies in the […] who allow the […] to have power
Popular Sovereignty argues that the source of political power lies in the people who allow the government to have power
In a […] laws are written by representatives elected by the people
In a Republic laws are written by representatives elected by the people
The […] was an intellectual and philosophical movement in 16/1700 Europe that influenced […]
The Enlightenment was an intellectual and philosophical movement in 16/1700 Europe that influenced the founders of the US
In a Social Contract, people give away […] to government to protect […]
In a Social Contract, people give away some power to government to protect natural rights
Limited Government prevents […] by creating a system of […]
Limited Government prevents tyranny by creating a system of checks and balances
In an […] only a few wealthy people can influence political decisions
In an Elite Democracy only a few wealthy people can influence political decisions
In a […] no one group dominates politics as they all try to compete to influence politics
In a Pluralist Democracy no one group dominates politics as they all try to compete to influence politics
In a […] citizens can directly influence policies
In a Participatory Democracy citizens can directly influence policies
The […] support the ratification of the Constitution, a stronger central government
The Federalists support the ratification of the Constitution, a stronger central government
The […] oppose the ratification of the Constitution
The Anti-Federalists oppose the ratification of the Constitution
The group with the most members has political power and […]
The group with the most members has political power and Majority Rule
The group with less members still have rights and power with […]
The group with less members still have rights and power with Minority Rights
[…] form as people with similar interests come together
Factions form as people with similar interests come together
In 1787, the […] brings together delegates from each state to draft the Constitution
In 1787, the Constitutional Convention brings together delegates from each state to draft the Constitution
The […] is assembled to work out the compromises in the Constitution (Part of the Convention)
The Grand Committee is assembled to work out the compromises in the Constitution (Part of the Convention)
The Great Compromise creates a […] separated into the […] and […]
The Great Compromise creates a bicameral Legislature separated into the House and Senate
The […] would create a Congress represented by population
Name of Plan
The Virginia Plan would create a Congress represented by population
The […] Plan would create a Congress giving each state one vote
Name of Plan
The New Jersey Plan would create a Congress giving each state one vote
Bicameral divides the lawmaking body into […]
Bicameral divides the lawmaking body into two
Electoral College grants […] to states determined by how many […] they have, electors vote for […]
Electoral College grants electors to states determined by how many House and Senate Reps they have, electors vote for President
The […] counts the enslaved population as three-fifths
The Three-Fifths Compromise counts the enslaved population as three-fifths
Article V of the Constitution creates two stages for amendments, […] or […] can propose one, a […] Congressional vote is needed and […] of states must confirm it to ratify one
Article V of the Constitution creates two stages for amendments, Congress or States can propose one, a 2/3 Congressional vote is needed and 3/4 of states must confirm it to ratify one
[…] can influence representatives (basically anyone)
Stakeholders can influence representatives (basically anyone)
Separation of Powers prevents […] by making sure that no one branch has […]
Separation of Powers prevents tyranny by making sure that no one branch has absolute power
Congress gives […]* to the President by approving all appointments
Congress gives Advice and Consent to the President by approving all appointments
The Executive’s role is for […] that Congress writes
The Executive’s role is for Executing and Enforcing Laws that Congress writes
The President can […] bills but congress can override with 2/3 vote
The President can veto bills but congress can override with 2/3 vote
The Courts can get rid of a law if the Constitution prevents that law through […]
The Courts can get rid of a law if the Constitution prevents that law through Judicial Review
Federalism is a […] between national govt and state govts
Federalism is a sharing of power between national govt and state govts
Exclusive Powers are those delegated to the […] in the constitution (Federalism)
Exclusive Powers are those delegated to the Federal Government in the constitution (Federalism)
Reserved Powers are those kept by […] per the […] Amendment (Federalism)
Reserved Powers are those kept by the states per the 10th Amendment (Federalism)
Concurrent Powers are shared by the […] and […] governments
Concurrent Powers are shared by the federal and state governments
[…] is controlling policy with money
Fiscal Federalism is controlling policy with money
Grants are […] the Fed gov’t gives to […] or […]
Grants are money the Fed gov’t gives to states or cities
A Categorical Grant is money with a […]
A Categorical Grant is money with a specific purpose
A Block Grant is money for a […]
A Block Grant is money for a broad purpose
A Mandate is a […] imposed by the Federal Government on states and cities, usually the Fed gov’t gives money
A Mandate is a rule imposed by the Federal Government on states and cities, usually the Fed gov’t gives money
An Unfunded Mandate is a rule without any […]
An Unfunded Mandate is a rule without any money given
No Child Left Behind Act took away funding from schools if they did not meet […], outcry of government overreach, an example of a(n) […]
No Child Left Behind Act took away funding from schools if they did not meet certain standards, outcry of government overreach, an example of a mandate
The 10th Amendment lays down the basis for […] AKA the […]
The 10th Amendment lays down the basis for reserved powers AKA the states’ powers
The 14th Amendment applies the […] to […], protecting citizens’ liberties
The 14th Amendment applies the Bill of Rights to states, protecting citizens’ liberties
The Commerce Clause allows Congress to […] among […], other […], and […]
The Commerce Clause allows Congress to regulate commerce among states, other nations, and native tribes
The Necessary and Proper Clause AKA the […] gives Congress the […] that are just deemed necessary
The Necessary and Proper Clause AKA the Elastic Clause gives Congress the power to pass laws that are just deemed necessary
The Articles of Confederation are the original […] of the US ratified in […]
The Articles of Confederation are the original founding constitution of the US ratified in 1781
Some problems with the Articles of Confederation were […] that could not […] or raise a […]
Some problems with the Articles of Confederation were a weak government that could not tax or raise a standing army
First 10 amendments are called the […]
First 10 amendments are called the Bill of Rights
The system of Checks and Balances limits one […] from having […] over another […]
The system of Checks and Balances limits one branch from having too much power over another branch
A Confederation is a system of sovereign […] only loosely tied to a […]
Like under the Articles of Confederation
A Confederation is a system of sovereign states only loosely tied to a central government
Like under the Articles of Confederation
In a […] the people directly rule themselves
As opposed to a Republic
In a Direct Democracy the people directly rule themselves
As opposed to a Republic
[…] are specific powers granted to Congress in Article I Sec. 8 of the Constitution like the power to […]
AKA […]
Enumerated Powers are specific powers granted to Congress in Article 1 Sec. 8 of the Constitution like the power to tax
AKA Expressed Powers
Dual Federalism, national and state governments are […]
Dual Federalism, national and state governments are coequal
Cooperative Federalism, national and state governments […]
Cooperative Federalism, national and state governments cooperate to solve problems
New Federalism, national government […] to the states
New Federalism, national government restores power back to the states
Federalist Papers are […] arguing for the […]
Written by Madison, Hamilton, and Jay
Federalist Papers are 85 essays arguing for the Constitution
Written by Madison, Hamilton, and Jay
Formal Amendment is a change in the […] of the Constitution
Was Proposed AND Ratified
Formal Amendment is a change in the actual wording of the Constitution
Was Proposed AND Ratified
Full Faith and Credit Clause in Article IV Sec. 1 says states must […] from other states
Decisions like laws, records, and court cases
Full Faith and Credit Clause in Article IV Sec. 1 says states must recognize decisions from other states
Decisions like laws, records, and court cases
Implied Powers are from the “necessary and proper” clause, powers […] but probably will be […]
Implied Powers are from the “necessary and proper” clause, powers not written but probably will be needed
Indirect Democracy is when […] make laws AKA […] or […]
Indirect Democracy is when elected reps make laws AKA Representative Democracy or Republic
Inherent Powers are the […] powers held by virtue of being a […]
Inherent Powers are the foreign policy powers held by virtue of being a national government
Informal Amendments are changes in […] but not […] of the Constitution
Like Brown v. Board
Informal Amendments are changes in the meaning but not the wording of the Constitution
Like Brown v. Board
Line-Item Veto, when Presidents […] of a bill
No longer allowed
Line-Item Veto, when Presidents cancel specific parts of a bill
No longer allowed
Pardons and Reprieves is to […] a punishment
Pardons and Reprieves is to forgive or excuse a punishment
Police Powers are for the states to protect […], […], and […]
Police Powers are for the states to protect public health, safety, and welfare
Privileges and Immunities Clause prevents a state from […] against citizens of […]
Privileges and Immunities Clause prevents a state from discriminating against citizens of other states
Revenue Sharing […] federal tax revenues to […] and […]
Revenue Sharing distributes federal tax revenues to states and cities
A Simple Majority is just one more than […]
A Simple Majority is just one more than one half
A Supermajority is greater than a […], usually […]
A Supermajority is greater than a simple majority, usually 2/3 in Congress
A Unicameral Legislature places the law making body in […]
As opposed to two groups
A Unicameral Legislature places the law making body in one group
As opposed to two groups
John Locke writes more about […]
John Locke writes more about Natural Rights
Thomas Hobbes writes more about the […]
Thomas Hobbes writes more about the Social Contract
Without government there is anarchy
Federalist 10: Factions are […], a Large Republic has many Factions preventing […]
Federalist 10: Factions are inevitable, a Large Republic has many Factions preventing one from total control
Brutus 1: Fed government has […], too large a Republic […]
Brutus 1: Fed government has too much power, too large a Republic won’t represent any interests
Marbury v. Madison establishes the principle of […]
Marbury v. Madison establishes the principle of Judicial Review
Judicial Review is a power held by the […] in which they can get rid of laws they deem […]
Judicial Review is a power held by the Supreme Court in which they can get rid of laws they deem unconstitutional
