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AP Government > Unit 1: Foundations of American Democracy > Flashcards

Unit 1: Foundations of American Democracy Flashcards

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1
Q

Natural rights are […] of all people: […], […], and […]

A

Natural rights are inherent rights of all people: Life, Liberty, and Pursuit of Happiness

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2
Q

Popular Sovereignty argues that the source of political power lies in the […] who allow the […] to have power

A

Popular Sovereignty argues that the source of political power lies in the people who allow the government to have power

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3
Q

In a […] laws are written by representatives elected by the people

A

In a Republic laws are written by representatives elected by the people

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4
Q

The […] was an intellectual and philosophical movement in 16/1700 Europe that influenced […]

A

The Enlightenment was an intellectual and philosophical movement in 16/1700 Europe that influenced the founders of the US

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5
Q

In a Social Contract, people give away […] to government to protect […]

A

In a Social Contract, people give away some power to government to protect natural rights

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6
Q

Limited Government prevents […] by creating a system of […]

A

Limited Government prevents tyranny by creating a system of checks and balances

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7
Q

In an […] only a few wealthy people can influence political decisions

A

In an Elite Democracy only a few wealthy people can influence political decisions

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8
Q

In a […] no one group dominates politics as they all try to compete to influence politics

A

In a Pluralist Democracy no one group dominates politics as they all try to compete to influence politics

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9
Q

In a […] citizens can directly influence policies

A

In a Participatory Democracy citizens can directly influence policies

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10
Q

The […] support the ratification of the Constitution, a stronger central government

A

The Federalists support the ratification of the Constitution, a stronger central government

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11
Q

The […] oppose the ratification of the Constitution

A

The Anti-Federalists oppose the ratification of the Constitution

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12
Q

The group with the most members has political power and […]

A

The group with the most members has political power and Majority Rule

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13
Q

The group with less members still have rights and power with […]

A

The group with less members still have rights and power with Minority Rights

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14
Q

[…] form as people with similar interests come together

A

Factions form as people with similar interests come together

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15
Q

In 1787, the […] brings together delegates from each state to draft the Constitution

A

In 1787, the Constitutional Convention brings together delegates from each state to draft the Constitution

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16
Q

The […] is assembled to work out the compromises in the Constitution (Part of the Convention)

A

The Grand Committee is assembled to work out the compromises in the Constitution (Part of the Convention)

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17
Q

The Great Compromise creates a […] separated into the […] and […]

A

The Great Compromise creates a bicameral Legislature separated into the House and Senate

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18
Q

The […] would create a Congress represented by population

Name of Plan

A

The Virginia Plan would create a Congress represented by population

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19
Q

The […] Plan would create a Congress giving each state one vote

Name of Plan

A

The New Jersey Plan would create a Congress giving each state one vote

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20
Q

Bicameral divides the lawmaking body into […]

A

Bicameral divides the lawmaking body into two

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21
Q

Electoral College grants […] to states determined by how many […] they have, electors vote for […]

A

Electoral College grants electors to states determined by how many House and Senate Reps they have, electors vote for President

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22
Q

The […] counts the enslaved population as three-fifths

A

The Three-Fifths Compromise counts the enslaved population as three-fifths

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23
Q

Article V of the Constitution creates two stages for amendments, […] or […] can propose one, a […] Congressional vote is needed and […] of states must confirm it to ratify one

A

Article V of the Constitution creates two stages for amendments, Congress or States can propose one, a 2/3 Congressional vote is needed and 3/4 of states must confirm it to ratify one

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24
Q

[…] can influence representatives (basically anyone)

A

Stakeholders can influence representatives (basically anyone)

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25
Q

Separation of Powers prevents […] by making sure that no one branch has […]

A

Separation of Powers prevents tyranny by making sure that no one branch has absolute power

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26
Q

Congress gives […]* to the President by approving all appointments

A

Congress gives Advice and Consent to the President by approving all appointments

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27
Q

The Executive’s role is for […] that Congress writes

A

The Executive’s role is for Executing and Enforcing Laws that Congress writes

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28
Q

The President can […] bills but congress can override with 2/3 vote

A

The President can veto bills but congress can override with 2/3 vote

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29
Q

The Courts can get rid of a law if the Constitution prevents that law through […]

A

The Courts can get rid of a law if the Constitution prevents that law through Judicial Review

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30
Q

Federalism is a […] between national govt and state govts

A

Federalism is a sharing of power between national govt and state govts

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31
Q

Exclusive Powers are those delegates to the […] in the constitution (Federalism)

A

Exclusive Powers are those delegates to the Federal Government in the constitution (Federalism)

32
Q

Reserved Powers are those kept by […] per the […] Amendment (Federalism)

A

Reserved Powers are those kept by the states per the 10th Amendment (Federalism)

33
Q

Concurrent Powers are shared by the […] and […] governments

A

Concurrent Powers are shared by the federal and state governments

34
Q

[…] is controlling policy with money

A

Fiscal Federalism is controlling policy with money

35
Q

Grants are […] the Fed gov’t gives to […] or […]

A

Grants are money the Fed gov’t gives to states or cities

36
Q

A Categorical Grant is money with a […]

A

A Categorical Grant is money with a specific purpose

37
Q

A Block Grant is money for a […]

A

A Block Grant is money for a broad purpose

38
Q

A Mandate is a […] imposed by the Federal Government on states and cities, usually the Fed gov’t gives money

A

A Mandate is a rule imposed by the Federal Government on states and cities, usually the Fed gov’t gives money

39
Q

An Unfunded Mandate is a rule without any […]

A

An Unfunded Mandate is a rule without any money given

40
Q

No Child Left Behind Act took away funding from schools if they did not meet […], outcry of government overreach, an example of a(n) […]

A

No Child Left Behind Act took away funding from schools if they did not meet certain standards, outcry of government overreach, an example of a mandate

41
Q

The 10th Amendment lays down the basis for […] AKA the […]

A

The 10th Amendment lays down the basis for reserved powers AKA the states’ powers

42
Q

The 14th Amendment applies the […] to […], protecting citizens’ liberties

A

The 14th Amendment applies the Bill of Rights to states, protecting citizens’ liberties

43
Q

The Commerce Clause allows Congress to […] among […], other […], and […]

A

The Commerce Clause allows Congress to regulate commerce among states, other nations, and native tribes

44
Q

The Necessary and Proper Clause AKA the […] gives Congress the […] that are just deemed necessary

A

The Necessary and Proper Clause AKA the Elastic Clause gives Congress the power to pass laws that are just deemed necessary

45
Q

The Articles of Confederation are the original […] of the US ratified in […]

A

The Articles of Confederation are the original founding constitution of the US ratified in 1781

46
Q

Some problems with the Articles of Confederation were […] that could not […] or raise a […]

A

Some problems with the Articles of Confederation were a weak government that could not tax or raise a standing army

47
Q

First 10 amendments are called the […]

A

First 10 amendments are called the Bill of Rights

48
Q

The system of Checks and Balances limits one […] from having […] over another […]

A

The system of Checks and Balances limits one branch from having too much power over another branch

49
Q

A Confederation is a system of sovereign […] only loosely tied to a […]

Like under the Articles of Confederation

A

A Confederation is a system of sovereign states only loosely tied to a central government

Like under the Articles of Confederation

50
Q

In a […] the people directly rule themselves

As opposed to a Republic

A

In a Direct Democracy the people directly rule themselves

As opposed to a Republic

51
Q

[…] are specific powers granted to Congress in Article I Sec. 8 of the Constitution like the power to […]

AKA […]

A

Enumerated Powers are specific powers granted to Congress in Article 1 Sec. 8 of the Constitution like the power to tax

AKA Expressed Powers

52
Q

Dual Federalism, national and state governments are […]

A

Dual Federalism, national and state governments are coequal

53
Q

Cooperative Federalism, national and state governments […]

A

Cooperative Federalism, national and state governments cooperate to solve problems

54
Q

New Federalism, national government […] to the states

A

New Federalism, national government restores power back to the states

55
Q

Federalist Papers are […] arguing for the […]

Written by Madison, Hamilton, and Jay

A

Federalist Papers are 85 essays arguing for the Constitution

Written by Madison, Hamilton, and Jay

56
Q

Formal Amendment is a change in the […] of the Constitution

Was Proposed AND Ratified

A

Formal Amendment is a change in the actual wording of the Constitution

Was Proposed AND Ratified

57
Q

Full Faith and Credit Clause in Article IV Sec. 1 says states must […] from other states

Decisions like laws, records, and court cases

A

Full Faith and Credit Clause in Article IV Sec. 1 says states must recognize decisions from other states

Decisions like laws, records, and court cases

58
Q

Implied Powers are from the “necessary and proper” clause, powers […] but probably will be […]

A

Implied Powers are from the “necessary and proper” clause, powers not written but probably will be needed

59
Q

Indirect Democracy is when […] make laws AKA […] or […]

A

Indirect Democracy is when elected reps make laws AKA Representative Democracy or Republic

60
Q

Inherent Powers are the […] powers held by virtue of being a […]

A

Inherent Powers are the foreign policy powers held by virtue of being a national government

61
Q

Informal Amendments are changes in […] but not […] of the Constitution

Like Brown v. Board

A

Informal Amendments are changes in the meaning but not the wording of the Constitution

Like Brown v. Board

62
Q

Line-Item Veto, when Presidents […] of a bill

No longer allowed

A

Line-Item Veto, when Presidents cancel specific parts of a bill

No longer allowed

63
Q

Pardons and Reprieves is to […] a punishment

A

Pardons and Reprieves is to forgive or excuse a punishment

64
Q

Police Powers are for the states to protect […], […], and […]

A

Police Powers are for the states to protect public health, safety, and welfare

65
Q

Privileges and Immunities Clause prevents a state from […] against citizens of […]

A

Privileges and Immunities Clause prevents a state from discriminating against citizens of other states

66
Q

Revenue Sharing […] federal tax revenues to […] and […]

A

Revenue Sharing distributes federal tax revenues to states and cities

67
Q

A Simple Majority is just one more than […]

A

A Simple Majority is just one more than one half

68
Q

A Supermajority is greater than a […], usually […]

A

A Supermajority is greater than a simple majority, usually 2/3 in Congress

69
Q

A Unicameral Legislature places the law making body in […]

As opposed to two groups

A

A Unicameral Legislature places the law making body in one group

As opposed to two groups

70
Q

John Locke writes more about […]

A

John Locke writes more about Natural Rights

71
Q

Thomas Hobbes writes more about the […]

A

Thomas Hobbes writes more about the Social Contract

Without government there is anarchy

72
Q

Federalist 10: Factions are […], a Large Republic has many Factions preventing […]

A

Federalist 10: Factions are inevitable, a Large Republic has many Factions preventing one from total control

73
Q

Brutus 1: Fed government has […], too large a Republic […]

A

Brutus 1: Fed government has too much power, too large a Republic won’t represent any interests

74
Q

Marbury v. Madison establishes the principle of […]

A

Marbury v. Madison establishes the principle of Judicial Review

75
Q

Judicial Review is a power held by the […] in which they can get rid of laws they deem […]

A

Judicial Review is a power held by the Supreme Court in which they can get rid of laws they deem unconstitutional

AP Government (5 decks)

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