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AP Government > Unit 4: American Political Ideologies and Beliefs > Flashcards

Unit 4: American Political Ideologies and Beliefs Flashcards

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1
Q

[…] value tradition, strict rules and authority, and small government

A

Conservatives value tradition, strict rules and authority, and small government

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2
Q

[…] value new ideas, leniency and support, and big government

A

Liberals value new ideas, leniency and support, and big government

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3
Q

People need supports to be equal vs. treating people the same to be equal - […]

Part of Political Culture

But always, “all men are created equal”

A

People need supports to be equal vs. treating people the same to be equal - Equality of Opportunity

Part of Political Culture

But always, “all men are created equal”

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4
Q

In the US we have a capitalist economy, debates over how to regulate that economy discusses […]

Part of Political Culture

A

In the US we have a capitalist economy, debates over how to regulate that economy discusses Free Enterprise

Part of Political Culture

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5
Q

Argues for their own rights OR their ability to do things without government support - […]

Part of Political Culture

A

Argues for their own rights OR their ability to do things without government support - Individualism

Part of Political Culture

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6
Q

An economy with little to no regulate is a free market, or, […]

Part of Political Culture

A

An economy with little to no regulate is a free market, or, Laissez-Faire

Part of Political Culture

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7
Q

The Government should not infringe on our rights but sometimes we need laws to protect peoples, institutions, or ideas - […]

Part of Political Culture

A

The Government should not infringe on our rights but sometimes we need laws to protect peoples, institutions, or ideas - Limited Government

Part of Political Culture

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8
Q

Shared values in a country that shape politics and debate is the […]

A

Shared values in a country that shape politics and debate is the Political Culture

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9
Q

People must follow the rules, but what do these rules look like and how strict should they be? - […]

A

People must follow the rules, but what do these rules look like and how strict should they be? - Rule of Law

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10
Q

As a result of […] political views around the world affect our views just like our views affect others around the world

A

As a result of Globalization political views around the world affect our views just like our views affect others around the world

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11
Q

People or institutions that influence your […] will shape how you view political ideas

A

People or institutions that influence your political socialization will shape how you view political ideas

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12
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A
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13
Q

Generations tend to share many views, largely due to experiences around 14-24 - […]

A

Generations tend to share many views, largely due to experiences around 14-24 - Generational Effects

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14
Q

People’s views change as they age and exprience new events or go through different stages of life - […]

A

People’s views change as they age and exprience new events or go through different stages of life - Lifecycle Effects

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15
Q

Massive economic failure leads to people wanting government support - […]

Major Political Event

A

Massive economic failure leads to people wanting government support - Great Depression (1929–1933)

Major Political Event

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16
Q

This war makes young people disatisfied with war while older people see it as a fight on terrorism - […]

Major Political Event

A

This war makes young people disatisfied with war while older people see it as a fight on terrorism - Iraq invasion (2003)

Major Political Event

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17
Q

People come together to address Depression, forms […], becomes pro-big government

Major Political Event

A

People come together to address Depression, forms New Deal Coalition, becomes pro-big government

Major Political Event

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18
Q

Economic decline during […] leads to desire for government interventions

Major Political Event

A

Economic decline during Great Recession (2007–2012) leads to desire for government interventions

Major Political Event

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19
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A
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20
Q

Is our president doing a good job? Measures the popularity of a siting politician - […]

A

Is our president doing a good job? Measures the popularity of a siting politician - Approval Rating

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21
Q

A politician will try a […] before entering a race to see how they might do

A

A politician will try a Bencmark Poll before entering a race to see how they might do

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22
Q

[…] are done outside a voting center to try to predict who won day of

A

Entrance polls/Exit polls are done outside a voting center to try to predict who won day of

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23
Q

Not a poll, but a small group of people interviewed to get more detailed information - […]

A

Not a poll, but a small group of people interviewed to get more detailed information - focus group

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24
Q

To measure how people feel about people/issues, we can administer […]

A

To measure how people feel about people/issues, we can administer Public Opinion Polls

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25
Q

A super biased poll to actually give someone positive/negative views - […]

A

A super biased poll to actually give someone positive/negative views - Push Polling

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26
Q

[…] uses a computer to randomly call people

A

Random-digit dialing uses a computer to randomly call people

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27
Q

To have an accurate poll, you need to try to select a […]

A

To have an accurate poll, you need to try to select a random sample

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28
Q

The group that is polled is a […], represents the whole group which is a […]

A

The group that is polled is a representative sample, represents the whole group which is a universe

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29
Q

45% +/-2%
All polls have a […] since there is going to be some error, also called […]

A

45% +/-2%
All polls have a sampling error since there is going to be some error, also called margin of error

30
Q

To have an accurate poll, you need correct sampling techniques such as […] questions, asking […], and picking a […] population

A

To have an accurate poll, you need correct sampling techniques such as non-biased questions, asking enough people (1,500+), and picking a representative but random population

31
Q

[…] ask voters how they feel about issues, candidates may respond

A

Tracking polls ask voters how they feel about issues, candidates may respond

32
Q

[…] will remove responses to make the sample more representative of the population (by race, gender, etc.)

A

Weighting (aka stratification) will remove responses to make the sample more representative of the population (by race, gender, etc.)

33
Q

Candidates leading in the polls may recieve more support from other through the […]

A

Candidates leading in the polls may recieve more support from other through the Bandwagon Effect

34
Q

Some polls have a […], meaning people do not want to or are not able to complete a poll

A

Some polls have a non-response bias, meaning people do not want to or are not able to complete a poll

35
Q

Named after Tom […], the […] suggests that people will show more support for a Black candidate in a poll than in actual voting

A

Named after Tom Bradley, the Bradley Effect suggests that people will show more support for a Black candidate in a poll than in actual voting

It is assumed that people don’t want to seem racist by saying they will vote for a non-black candidate

36
Q

People may lie to a poll taker to seem like a better person to the poll taker - […]

A

People may lie to a poll taker to seem like a better person to the poll taker - Social Desireability Effect

For example, someone who doesn’t plan on voting may tell a poll taker that they are going to vote

37
Q

[…] is a set of ideas that groups of people follow to or stick to based on certain values

A

Ideology is a set of ideas that groups of people follow to or stick to based on certain values

The most important spectrum in the US is Liberal vs. Conservative

38
Q

Another ideology that opposes any government intervention, rules, or laws is […]

A

Another ideology that opposes any government intervention, rules, or laws is Libertarian

39
Q

People who don’t feel strongly about political issues or maybe have some liberal views and some conservative views are […]

A

People who don’t feel strongly about political issues or maybe have some liberal views and some conservative views are Moderates

40
Q

Another ideology that is rooted patriotism, Protestant Christianity, working-class values in the South and Midwest is […]

A

Another ideology that is rooted patriotism, Protestant Christianity, working-class values, and in the South and Midwest is Populism

41
Q

Another ideology that started as anit-corruption has evolved to gather more extremely pro-working class policies is […]

A

Another ideology that started as anit-corruption has evolved to gather more extremely pro-working class policies is Progressivism

42
Q

An issue that people hold to be very important holds a high […], this might be due to generational values or ideological values

A

An issue that people hold to be very important holds a high saliency, this might be due to generational values or ideological values

43
Q

Issues that all people generally feel the same about are […]

A

Issues that all people generally feel the same about are Valence Issues

For example: a good economy

44
Q

Issues that people become divded over are […]

A

Issues that people become divded over are Wedge Issues

For example: abortion, border policies, military policies

45
Q

A political […] is the list of policies and ideas the government or a set of politicians work to achieve

A

A political agenda is the list of policies and ideas the government or a set of politicians work to achieve

46
Q

The US generally has […] making meaning that policies should reflect the will of the majority

A

The US generally has Majoritarian Policy making meaning that policies should reflect the will of the majority

47
Q

The Fed determines the interest rate of […], IOUs the government sells to people/banks at a higher rate than what was initially borrowed (a type of investment)

The Fed = Federal Reserve Board

A

The Fed determines the interest rate of Bonds, IOUs the government sells to people/banks at a higher rate than what was initially borrowed (a type of investment)

The Fed = Federal Reserve Board

48
Q

The Fed will set the […], or the interest rate at which the gov will loan dollars to banks
low rates = banks borrow more = lower interest rates for citizens
vs.
high rates = banks borrow less = higher interest rates for citizens

The Fed = Federal Reserve Board

A

The Fed will set the Discount Rate, or the interest rate at which the gov will loan dollars to banks
low rates = banks borrow more = lower interest rates for citizens
vs.
high rates = banks borrow less = higher interest rates for citizens

The Fed = Federal Reserve Board

49
Q

[…] is an independent agency that sets monetary policy by buying/selling securities or bonds, regulating money reserves at banks, and setting interest rates

A

Federal Reserve Board (AKA “The Fed”) is an independent agency that sets monetary policy by buying/selling securities or bonds, regulating money reserves at banks, and setting interest rates

50
Q

[…] is part of economic policy that concerns taxing and spending

A

Fiscal policy is part of economic policy that concerns taxing and spending

As opposed to Monetary Policy

51
Q

A […] is a tax that is the same no matter one’s income

A

A flat tax is a tax that is the same no matter one’s income

Valued by some conservatives

52
Q

If there are too many dollars in a country, the prices of other goods will go up - […]

A

If there are too many dollars in a country, the prices of other goods will go up - Inflation

53
Q

[…] is the agency that oversees tax collection

A

Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is the agency that oversees tax collection

54
Q

[…] is part of economic policy concerning supply/demand of the dollar, inflation, and interest rates

A

Monetary policy is part of economic policy concerning supply/demand of the dollar, inflation, and interest rates

As opposed to Fiscal Policy

55
Q

Spending results in a […] on the economy, the economy grows at a greater rate than people actually spend

A

Spending results in a multiplier effect on the economy, the economy grows at a greater rate than people actually spend

56
Q

[…] is a famous free trade agreemtn that opened up more trade between Mexico and Canada, today it is replaced with […]

A

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) **(1994) **is a famous free trade agreemtn that opened up more trade between Mexico and Canada, today it is replaced with USMCA (2020)

57
Q

A […] is a tax that increases as the income increases

A

A progressive tax is a tax that increases as the income increases

58
Q

The Fed determines the […], or the percentage of dollars the bank must keep in their vaults compared to how much money a person has held in a bank

The Fed = Federal Reserve Board

A

The Fed determines the Reserve Requirement, or the percentage of dollars the bank must keep in their vaults compared to how much money a person has held in a bank

The Fed = Federal Reserve Board

Banks will invest the money that you hold in their bank so that they can make money off of your money

59
Q

Sixteenth Amendment (1913) gives Congress the power to tax a person’s income

A

Sixteenth Amendment (1913) gives Congress the power to tax a person’s income

Prior to this, they would tax imports through tarrifs and the courts had ruled income tax unconstitutional

60
Q

[…] - idea that government should allow people to keep their money by limiting taxes and not involving themselves in the economy

A

Supply-side economics - idea that government should allow people to keep their money by limiting taxes and not involving themselves in the economy

61
Q

[…] is how much imports vs. exports a nation has, generally a country tries to export MORE than it imports

A

Trade Balance is how much imports vs. exports a nation has, generally a country tries to export MORE than it imports

62
Q

[…] are spending that the government has promised by law to citizens

A

Entitlements are spending that the government has promised by law to citizens

63
Q

[…] is what the government MUST spend on, this is largely on entitlements

A

Mandatory Spending is what the government MUST spend on, this is largely on entitlements

64
Q

[…] is a government health care program for those who can’t afford health care

A

Medicaid is a government health care program for those who can’t afford health care

65
Q

[…] is a government health care program for those who are 65+

A

Medicare is a government health care program for those who are 65+

66
Q

[…] created federal regulations for health insurance in an attempt to make it more accessible

A

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (2010) created federal regulations for health insurance in an attempt to make it more accessible

(AKA the ACA or called Obamacare by the media)

67
Q

[…] passed during Depression to support poor elderly and retired people during

A

**Social Security Act (1935) **passed during Depression to support poor elderly and retired people during

68
Q

[…], support for people to meet their basic needs, very large during Liberal New Deal era but made smaller by Conservatives over time

A

Social Welfare, support for people to meet their basic needs, very large during Liberal New Deal era but made smaller by Conservatives over time

69
Q

[…] - idea that government needs to encourage people to spend their money by regulating interest rates, creating government programs that support people in spending, and help businesses to create jobs

A

Keynesian economics - idea that government needs to encourage people to spend their money by regulating interest rates, creating government programs that support people in spending, and help businesses to create jobs

70
Q

Employees and Employers pay into a trust fund that later pays out to them when they are retired - […]

A

Employees and Employers pay into a trust fund that later pays out to them when they are retired - Social Security

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