Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psy100 > Unit 5: personality and Disorders > Flashcards

Unit 5: personality and Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

our characteristic pattern of thinking feeling and acting

A

personality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

emphasizes the significance of human traits in the study of human personality
focuses on human traits
pyschologists favor
open to the diversity of characteristics

A

trait theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

emphasizes the significance of distinct type of personality
different types of personality
over simplification of human personality
ignores the diversity

A

type theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

based on the four moods

black bile > melancholic
yellow bile > choleric
phlegm > phegmatic
blood > sanguine

A

four temperaments of personality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

basic impulses (sex aggression);
seeking immediate gratification;
irrational and impulsive
Operates at uncouncsious level

A

id

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

executive mediating between id impluses and superego inhibitions; testing reality; rational.
operates mainly at coscious level but also at preconscious level.

A

ego

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ideals and morals; striving for perfection; incorporated from parents; becoming a person;s conscience. Operates mostly at preconscious level.

A

superego

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

the mind is mostly hidden from us (uncoscious)
personality comes from our conflict between the id, ego and superego
develops during distince psychosexual stages

A

Freud’s Theory of Personality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

people will strive towards self-actualization when their basic needs are met

A

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Unambiguous test items with limited range of responses
objectively scored
paper and pencil questionnaires
series of direct, brief statements or questions and either true/false or multiple-choice options

A

objective personality test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ambiguous stimuli
open-ended range of client responses
based on assumption that clients reveal personalities by how they make sense of vaguely defined objects or situations

A

projective personality test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

characterstic ways of behaving or a disposition to a act or feeling a certain way

A

trait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

long questionnaires covering a wide range of feelings and behaviors that assess several traits at once

A

personality inventory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Utilizes the NEO-PI-3
Openness
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism

A

big five

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Imaginative, likes variety, independent

A

openness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Organized, careful, disciplined

A

conscientiousness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

sociable, fun-loving, affectionate

A

extraversion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

soft-hearted, trusting, helpful

A

agreeableness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

anxious, insecure

A

neuroticism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How has the focus of personality psychology shifted?

A

person vs situation controversy
personailty is about people’s average behaviors
people act differently depending on a LOT of factors

Social-cognitive perspective
behavior is influenced by the interaction of the person’s traits and their social environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Personality is largely determined by _______.

A

genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the proposed sixth factor of the “Big Five” personality types?

A

honesty/humility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

personal factors influence environmental factors influence behaviors

A

reciprocal determinism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

upsetting

A

distress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

prevents you from doing things

A

dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

risk of harm to self or others

  1. Suicidality
  2. Homicidality
  3. NSSI (Non-Suicidal Self-Injury)
A

danger

27
Q

not considered to be “normal”

A

deviance

28
Q

the assumption that psychopathology is the result of one’s biology

A

medical model

29
Q

standard classification of mental disorder used by mental health professionals in the US

A

DSM-V

30
Q

Tenseness, apprehension, and a state of nervous system arousal

excessive and uncontrollable worry that persists for 6+ months

difficulties in concentration

can lead to physical problems (high blood pressure, sleep disturbance)

A

generalized anxiety disorder

31
Q

a specific anxiety disorder that requires fear and avoidance to be diagnosed

Has to be extreme in social situations

A

social anxiety disorder

32
Q

Persistant, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation

examples can include animals, insects, heights, blood, or closed spaces

A

specific phobias

33
Q

what disorder includes:
obsessions
compulsions
hoarding
body dysmorphic disorder
Body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs)

A

obsessive-compulsive disorder

34
Q

unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions), actions (compulsions), or both

common obsession: concern with contamination, death/illness/disasters, order/exactness

common compulsions: excessive grooming, rituals, checking behaviors

A

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

35
Q

Haunting memories, nightmares, hyper vigilance, avoidance of trauma-related stimuli, social withdrawal, anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia that lingers for 4+ weeks after traumatic event

A

post-traumatic stress disorder

36
Q

at least 5 of the following oveer a 2 week period
- depressed mood most of the time
- dramatically reduced interest or enjoyment in most activities most of the time
- significant challenges regulating appetite and weight
- significant challenges regulating sleep
- physical aggitation or lethargy
- feeling listless or with much less energy
- feeling worthless or feeling unwarranted guilt
- problems in thinking, concentrating, or making decision
- thinking repetitively of death and suicide

A

major depression disorder

37
Q

how you explain things like failures, things not going well, stressors, etc.

A

explanatory style

38
Q

learn to believe that nothing can be change or can be done

A

learned helplessness

39
Q

a group of disorders marked by:
- irrational ideas
-distorted perceptions
-loss of contact with reality

includes:
schizophrenia
schizoaffective disorder
brief psychotic disorder
delusional disorder
substance-induced psychotic disorder

A

psychotic disorder

40
Q

“split” “mind”
delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression

positive symptoms
negative symptoms
disturbance presists for atleast 6 months

A

schizophrenia

41
Q

Why does schizophrenia considered to be a “split mind”?

A

the mind is split from reality (not from itself)

42
Q

inappropriate behaviors present
- hallucinations (visual/auditory)
- delusions (paranoid delusions, delusions of grandeur)
- disorganized speech

A

positive symptoms

43
Q

appropriate behaviors that are absent
- flat affect
- alogia (somewhat lacking speech)
- avolition (decrease in self-directed purposeful activities)
- anhedonia (decreased motivation, pleasure)
- associality

A

negative symptoms

44
Q

formerly multiple personality disorder

one individual has two or more distinct identities that alternate

A

dissociative identity disorder

45
Q

Dissasociative disorders are almost always a result of

A

trauma

46
Q

disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others
- limited capacity for empathy
- disregard for what is considered “right” and “wrong”
- disregard for/violation of the rights of others
- childhood diagnosis of conduct disorder

symptoms:
-lower levels of emotional intelligence
- impulsive behavior
- low levels of fear
- chronic deceitfulness
- difficulty maintaining a job
- low arousal in response to threats

A

antisocial personality disorder

47
Q

Grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy

diagnositc criteria
- impairments in self-functioning due to:
- identity
- self-direction
-impairments in interpersonal function
- empathy
- intimacy
-pathological personality traits
- antagonism characterized by:
- grandiosity
- attention-seeking

A

narcissistic personality disorder

48
Q

is a narcissitic personality disorder the same thing as narcissism?

A

no

49
Q

Preoccupation with order and details that results in the person missing the point of an activity

perfectionism that hinders completion

devotion to work and productivity to an extent that isx excessive and not explained by economic needs

excessive conscientiousness and inflexibility related to morality or value (not explained by one’s culture/religion)

inability to get rid of worn/worthless objects, even if they lack sentimental value

reluctance to delegate tasks to or work with other unless things are done his or her way

belief that money should be hoarded for emergencies and reluctant to spend mnoney on oneself or others

rigidy and stubbornness

A

obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

50
Q

starvation or excessive exercise, despite being underweight; inaccurate self-perception of weight

A

anoriexia nervosa

51
Q

What are eating dsorders really about?

A

control and controlling the environment

52
Q

binging followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors (vomiting, laxatives, fasting, excessive exercise)

A

bulimia nervosa

53
Q

significant binge episodes, without any compensatory behavior, followed by distress, guilt, or disgust

A

binge-eating disorder

54
Q

conditions with onset during developmental (usually early development) period

intellectual disability
communication disorders
autism spectrum disorder
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
motor disorders
specific learning disorder

A

neurodevelopmental disorder

55
Q
  • social communication deficits
    • nonverbal communication deficits
    • deficits in social reciprocity
    • deficits in having/understanding relationships
  • restrictive/repetitive patterns
    • stereotypes motor movements, use of objects, or speech
    • insistence on sameness, difficulty changing from a routine
      -highly restricted fixated interests
      -hyper- or hyporeactivity to sensory stimuli
  • present in early development
A

autism spectrum disorder

56
Q

inattention: 6+ symptom/s for younger than 16, 5+ for 17+
- often fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes in schoolwork, at work, or with other activities.
- often has trouble holding attention on tasks or play activities
- often does not seem to listen when spoken to directly
- often does not fllow through on instructions and fails to finish schoolwork, chores, or duties in the workplace (loses focus, side-tracked)
-often has trouble organizing tasks and activities
- often avoids, dislikes, or is reluctant to do tasks that require mental effort over a long period of time
- often loses things necessary for tasks and activities (e.g. school materials, pencils, books, tools, wallets, keys, paperwork, eyeglasses, mobile telephones)
- is often easily distracted
- is often forgetful in daily activities

A

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
- primariy inattentive type

57
Q

hyperactivity or impulsivity
- often fidgets with or taps hands or feet, or squirms in seat
- often leaves seat in situations when remaining seated is expected
-often runs about or climbs in situations where it is not appropriate (adolescents or adults may be limited to feeling restless)
- often unable to play or take part in leisure activities quietly
- is often “on the go” acting as if “driven by a motor”.
- often talks excessively
- often blurts out an answer before a question has been completed.
- often has trouble waiting their turn
- often interrupts or intrudes on others (butts into conversation or games)

A

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
- primariy hyperactivity type

58
Q

What are the three types of ADHD?

A
  • primarily inattentive type
  • primarily hyperactive type
  • combined type
59
Q

why is autism disorder considered a spectrum?

A

because there are varying levels of severity for the components

60
Q

What are some common myths about suicide?

A

Talking about suicide increases the chance a person will act on it.

People who talk about suicide are just seeking attention

Suicide can’t be prevented.

People who take their own lives are selfish, cowards or weak.

Barriers to bridges, safe firearm storage and other actions to reduce access to lethal methods of suicide don’t work

61
Q

What are the pros and cons of using the DSM?

A

DSM categorizes symptoms. not all conditions are all inclusive of every symptom. everyone is different

62
Q

Waht is the difference between fear and phobias?

A

The American Psychological Association defines fear as a rational reaction to a potentially dangerous event or object.

Phobias, however, are irrational fears triggered by either specific or general events or items.

63
Q

What are some common myths about autism?

A

MYTH: Everyone with autism is either non-verbal or a savant. …
MYTH: People with autism are best suited for jobs that entail repetitive tasks. …
MYTH: People with autism cannot form relationships. …
MYTH: Vaccines cause autism.

Psy100 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions