Unit 5: personality and Disorders

Question 1

our characteristic pattern of thinking feeling and acting

Answer 1

personality

Question 2

emphasizes the significance of human traits in the study of human personality
focuses on human traits
pyschologists favor
open to the diversity of characteristics

Answer 2

trait theory

Question 3

emphasizes the significance of distinct type of personality
different types of personality
over simplification of human personality
ignores the diversity

Answer 3

type theory

Question 4

based on the four moods

black bile > melancholic
yellow bile > choleric
phlegm > phegmatic
blood > sanguine

Answer 4

four temperaments of personality

Question 5

basic impulses (sex aggression);
seeking immediate gratification;
irrational and impulsive
Operates at uncouncsious level

Answer 5

id

Question 6

executive mediating between id impluses and superego inhibitions; testing reality; rational.
operates mainly at coscious level but also at preconscious level.

Answer 6

ego

Question 7

ideals and morals; striving for perfection; incorporated from parents; becoming a person;s conscience. Operates mostly at preconscious level.

Answer 7

superego

Question 8

the mind is mostly hidden from us (uncoscious)
personality comes from our conflict between the id, ego and superego
develops during distince psychosexual stages

Answer 8

Freud’s Theory of Personality

Question 9

people will strive towards self-actualization when their basic needs are met

Answer 9

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Question 10

Unambiguous test items with limited range of responses
objectively scored
paper and pencil questionnaires
series of direct, brief statements or questions and either true/false or multiple-choice options

Answer 10

objective personality test

Question 11

ambiguous stimuli
open-ended range of client responses
based on assumption that clients reveal personalities by how they make sense of vaguely defined objects or situations

Answer 11

projective personality test

Question 12

characterstic ways of behaving or a disposition to a act or feeling a certain way

Answer 12

trait

Question 13

long questionnaires covering a wide range of feelings and behaviors that assess several traits at once

Answer 13

personality inventory

Question 14

Utilizes the NEO-PI-3
Openness
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism

Answer 14

big five

Question 15

Imaginative, likes variety, independent

Answer 15

openness

Question 16

Organized, careful, disciplined

Answer 16

conscientiousness

Question 17

sociable, fun-loving, affectionate

Answer 17

extraversion

Question 18

soft-hearted, trusting, helpful

Answer 18

agreeableness

Question 19

anxious, insecure

Answer 19

neuroticism

Question 20

How has the focus of personality psychology shifted?

Answer 20

person vs situation controversy
personailty is about people’s average behaviors
people act differently depending on a LOT of factors

Social-cognitive perspective
behavior is influenced by the interaction of the person’s traits and their social environment

Question 21

Personality is largely determined by _______.

Answer 21

genetics

Question 22

what is the proposed sixth factor of the “Big Five” personality types?

Answer 22

honesty/humility

Question 23

personal factors influence environmental factors influence behaviors

Answer 23

reciprocal determinism

Question 24

upsetting

Answer 24

distress

Question 25

prevents you from doing things

Answer 25

dysfunction

Question 26

risk of harm to self or others 1. Suicidality 2. Homicidality 3. NSSI (Non-Suicidal Self-Injury)

Answer 26

danger

Question 27

not considered to be "normal"

Answer 27

deviance

Question 28

the assumption that psychopathology is the result of one's biology

Answer 28

medical model

Question 29

standard classification of mental disorder used by mental health professionals in the US

Answer 29

DSM-V

Question 30

Tenseness, apprehension, and a state of nervous system arousal excessive and uncontrollable worry that persists for 6+ months difficulties in concentration can lead to physical problems (high blood pressure, sleep disturbance)

Answer 30

generalized anxiety disorder

Question 31

a specific anxiety disorder that requires fear and avoidance to be diagnosed Has to be extreme in social situations

Answer 31

social anxiety disorder

Question 32

Persistant, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation examples can include animals, insects, heights, blood, or closed spaces

Answer 32

specific phobias

Question 33

what disorder includes: obsessions compulsions hoarding body dysmorphic disorder Body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs)

Answer 33

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 34

unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions), actions (compulsions), or both common obsession: concern with contamination, death/illness/disasters, order/exactness common compulsions: excessive grooming, rituals, checking behaviors

Answer 34

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 35

Haunting memories, nightmares, hyper vigilance, avoidance of trauma-related stimuli, social withdrawal, anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia that lingers for 4+ weeks after traumatic event

Answer 35

post-traumatic stress disorder

Question 36

at least 5 of the following oveer a 2 week period - depressed mood most of the time - dramatically reduced interest or enjoyment in most activities most of the time - significant challenges regulating appetite and weight - significant challenges regulating sleep - physical aggitation or lethargy - feeling listless or with much less energy - feeling worthless or feeling unwarranted guilt - problems in thinking, concentrating, or making decision - thinking repetitively of death and suicide

Answer 36

major depression disorder

Question 37

how you explain things like failures, things not going well, stressors, etc.

Answer 37

explanatory style

Question 38

learn to believe that nothing can be change or can be done

Answer 38

learned helplessness

Question 39

a group of disorders marked by: - irrational ideas -distorted perceptions -loss of contact with reality includes: schizophrenia schizoaffective disorder brief psychotic disorder delusional disorder substance-induced psychotic disorder

Answer 39

psychotic disorder

Question 40

"split" "mind" delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression positive symptoms negative symptoms disturbance presists for atleast 6 months

Answer 40

schizophrenia

Question 41

Why does schizophrenia considered to be a "split mind"?

Answer 41

the mind is split from reality (not from itself)

Question 42

inappropriate behaviors present - hallucinations (visual/auditory) - delusions (paranoid delusions, delusions of grandeur) - disorganized speech

Answer 42

positive symptoms

Question 43

appropriate behaviors that are absent - flat affect - alogia (somewhat lacking speech) - avolition (decrease in self-directed purposeful activities) - anhedonia (decreased motivation, pleasure) - associality

Answer 43

negative symptoms

Question 44

formerly multiple personality disorder one individual has two or more distinct identities that alternate

Answer 44

dissociative identity disorder

Question 45

Dissasociative disorders are almost always a result of

Answer 45

trauma

Question 46

disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others - limited capacity for empathy - disregard for what is considered "right" and "wrong" - disregard for/violation of the rights of others - childhood diagnosis of conduct disorder symptoms: -lower levels of emotional intelligence - impulsive behavior - low levels of fear - chronic deceitfulness - difficulty maintaining a job - low arousal in response to threats

Answer 46

antisocial personality disorder

Question 47

Grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy diagnositc criteria - impairments in self-functioning due to: - identity - self-direction -impairments in interpersonal function - empathy - intimacy -pathological personality traits - antagonism characterized by: - grandiosity - attention-seeking

Answer 47

narcissistic personality disorder

Question 48

is a narcissitic personality disorder the same thing as narcissism?

Answer 48

no

Question 49

Preoccupation with order and details that results in the person missing the point of an activity perfectionism that hinders completion devotion to work and productivity to an extent that isx excessive and not explained by economic needs excessive conscientiousness and inflexibility related to morality or value (not explained by one's culture/religion) inability to get rid of worn/worthless objects, even if they lack sentimental value reluctance to delegate tasks to or work with other unless things are done his or her way belief that money should be hoarded for emergencies and reluctant to spend mnoney on oneself or others rigidy and stubbornness

Answer 49

obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

Question 50

starvation or excessive exercise, despite being underweight; inaccurate self-perception of weight

Answer 50

anoriexia nervosa

Question 51

What are eating dsorders really about?

Answer 51

control and controlling the environment

Question 52

binging followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors (vomiting, laxatives, fasting, excessive exercise)

Answer 52

bulimia nervosa

Question 53

significant binge episodes, without any compensatory behavior, followed by distress, guilt, or disgust

Answer 53

binge-eating disorder

Question 54

conditions with onset during developmental (usually early development) period intellectual disability communication disorders autism spectrum disorder attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder motor disorders specific learning disorder

Answer 54

neurodevelopmental disorder

Question 55

- social communication deficits - nonverbal communication deficits - deficits in social reciprocity - deficits in having/understanding relationships - restrictive/repetitive patterns - stereotypes motor movements, use of objects, or speech - insistence on sameness, difficulty changing from a routine -highly restricted fixated interests -hyper- or hyporeactivity to sensory stimuli - present in early development

Answer 55

autism spectrum disorder

Question 56

inattention: 6+ symptom/s for younger than 16, 5+ for 17+ - often fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes in schoolwork, at work, or with other activities. - often has trouble holding attention on tasks or play activities - often does not seem to listen when spoken to directly - often does not fllow through on instructions and fails to finish schoolwork, chores, or duties in the workplace (loses focus, side-tracked) -often has trouble organizing tasks and activities - often avoids, dislikes, or is reluctant to do tasks that require mental effort over a long period of time - often loses things necessary for tasks and activities (e.g. school materials, pencils, books, tools, wallets, keys, paperwork, eyeglasses, mobile telephones) - is often easily distracted - is often forgetful in daily activities

Answer 56

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder - primariy inattentive type

Question 57

hyperactivity or impulsivity - often fidgets with or taps hands or feet, or squirms in seat - often leaves seat in situations when remaining seated is expected -often runs about or climbs in situations where it is not appropriate (adolescents or adults may be limited to feeling restless) - often unable to play or take part in leisure activities quietly - is often "on the go" acting as if "driven by a motor". - often talks excessively - often blurts out an answer before a question has been completed. - often has trouble waiting their turn - often interrupts or intrudes on others (butts into conversation or games)

Answer 57

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder - primariy hyperactivity type

Question 58

What are the three types of ADHD?

Answer 58

- primarily inattentive type - primarily hyperactive type - combined type

Question 59

why is autism disorder considered a spectrum?

Answer 59

because there are varying levels of severity for the components

Question 60

What are some common myths about suicide?

Answer 60

Talking about suicide increases the chance a person will act on it. People who talk about suicide are just seeking attention Suicide can't be prevented. People who take their own lives are selfish, cowards or weak. Barriers to bridges, safe firearm storage and other actions to reduce access to lethal methods of suicide don't work

Question 61

What are the pros and cons of using the DSM?

Answer 61

DSM categorizes symptoms. not all conditions are all inclusive of every symptom. everyone is different

Question 62

Waht is the difference between fear and phobias?

Answer 62

The American Psychological Association defines fear as a rational reaction to a potentially dangerous event or object. Phobias, however, are irrational fears triggered by either specific or general events or items.

Question 63

What are some common myths about autism?

Answer 63

MYTH: Everyone with autism is either non-verbal or a savant. ... MYTH: People with autism are best suited for jobs that entail repetitive tasks. ... MYTH: People with autism cannot form relationships. ... MYTH: Vaccines cause autism.