Unit 5 - People Flashcards
Hermann Ebbinghaus
forgetting curve - you forget 75% of what you learn in one day without rehearsal/relearning (328)
Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin
original three-stage memory processing model
Alan Baddeley
added “working memory” to three-stage memory model
George Sperling
experiment that showed iconic memory (9 letter activity done in class)
George Miller
proposed that people can store 7 pieces of info in short term memory at once
Eric Kandel
proved long-term potentiation (LPT) by observing neurons of sea slugs
Elizabeth Loftus
proved the presence of reconsolidation and the misinformation effect in eyewitnesses
(car crash video in class)
Robert Sternberg (5) (3)
5 components of creativity: expertise, imaginative thinking skills, venturesome personality, intrinsic motivation, creative environment
3 intelligences: analytical (academic), creative, practical (everyday tasks)
Wolfgang Köhler
discovered that humans are not the only ones with insight
Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman
determined even smart people make dumb decisions because of representativeness and availability heuristics
Steven Pinker
“language is the jewel in the crown of cognition”
believes biology affects gender differences in life priorities
Noam Chomsky
universal grammar - built in predisposition for language
Paul Broca
found broca’s area
Carl Wernicke
discovered wernicke’s area
Benjamin Lee Whorf
linguistic determinism
Charles Spearman
general intelligence (g)
also factor analysis
Howard Gardner (8 & 1)
8 intelligences: naturalist, linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, intrapersonal, interpersonal
potential 9th: existential
Francis Galton
Darwin’s cousin
believed that intellect was hereditary
eugenics
Alfred Binet
created intelligence test in france to help schoolchildren
developed the concept of mental age
Lewis Terman
developed Stanford-Binet test for u.s.
Terman gifted study
David Wechsler
wechsler adult intelligence scale (WAIS)
Carol Dwek
growth mindset - intelligence levels can be changed
ability + opportunity + motivation = success
L. L. Thurstone (7)
factor analysis
identified seven clusters of primary mental capabilities: word fluency, verbal comprehension, spatial ability, perceptual speed, numerical ability, inductive reasoning, and memory
