Unit 5 Part 2 - Terminology Flashcards
intelligence (3)
the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations
general intelligence (g)
underlies all mental abilities, so measured by every task on an intelligence test (Spearman)
factor analysis
a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related factors on a test
identify different dimensions of performance
L. L. Thurstone with seven clusters of mental capacity
savant syndrome
a person who excels in one specific skill but is otherwise limited in mental ability
grit
passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals
emotional intelligence (4)
the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions
intelligence test
assesses an individual’s mental aptitudes and compares them to others using numerical scores
achievement test
assesses what a person has learned
AP exams
aptitude test
designed to predict a person’s future performance
ACT
mental age
a measure of intelligence for children based on how intelligent they are compared to others their age
not accurate for older people
ex: an average 8 year old has a mental age of 8
Stanford-Binet
the american revision of Binet’s original intelligence test
intelligence quotient (IQ)
IQ=mental age/chronological age•100
works well for children, not for adults
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
modern widely used intelligence test
15 subtests
individual scores for verbal comprehension, perceptual organization, working memory, processing speed
standardization
defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison of performance of a pretested group
normal curve, bell curve
bell-shaped curve that describes distribution of many physical and psychological attributes
0.1, 2.5, 13.5, 34, 34, 13.5, 2.5, 0.1
95% of people within 30 pts of IQ 100
68% of people within 15 pts of IQ 100
reliability (and how it is assessed)
extent to which a test yields consistent results
assessed by consistency of scores on two halves of test, on alternative forms of the test, or on retesting
validity
the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to
content validity
the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest
ex: driver’s test, course exams
predictive validity, criterion-related validity (and how it is assessed)
the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict
assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and criterion behavior
cohort
group of people sharing the same characteristic
ex: all from the same time period
crystallized intelligence
our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills
increases with age
fluid intelligence
ability to reason speedily and abstractly
decreases with age, faster as you get older
cross-sectional study
research that compares people of different ages at the same point in time
longitudinal study
research that follows and retests the same people over time
intellectual disability (and how it is diagnosed)
condition of limited mental ability
indicated by intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty adapting to demands of life
initially called mental retardation
Down Syndrome
condition of mild to severe intellectual disability and associated physical disorders
caused by extra copy of chromosome 21
conceptual skills
language, reading
concepts of money, time, and numbers
social skills
interpersonal skills, being socially responsible, following basic rules and laws, avoiding being victimized
practical skills
health and personal care, occupational skills, travel
3 kinds of life skills
conceptual, social, practical
Flynn effect
the trend of increasing intelligence scores over time
leads to restandardization of test scores every now and then
heritability
proportion of variation among individuals in a group that can be attributed to genes
intelligence is polygenetic
growth mindset
the idea that intelligence levels can be changed
2 definitions of bias
test validity or innate differences in intellect
innate performance differences caused by differences in culture
stereotype threat
self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype
expectancy effect
self-fulfilling prophecy
if someone is expected to do bad (either internal or external) they will
Terman Gifted Study
longitudinal study that examined the characteristics and development of gifted children into adulthood
