Unit 1 Part 1 - Terminology

Question 1

critical thinking (5)

Answer 1

examines assumptions, appraises the source, discerns hidden biases, evaluates evidence, assesses conclusions

Question 2

scientific attitude

Answer 2

curiosity + skepticism + humility

Question 3

empiricism

Answer 3

idea that knowledge comes from experience, and that observation and experimentation enable scientific knowledge
Francis Bacon and John Locke

Question 4

structuralism

Answer 4

early school of thought that used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind
Wilhem Wundt and Edward Bradford Titchener

Question 5

introspection

Answer 5

the process of looking inward in an attempt to directly observe one’s own psychological processes
Titchener

Question 6

functionalism

Answer 6

early school of thought that explored how mental and behavioral processes function; how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish
William James and Charles Darwin

Question 7

behaviorism (2)

Answer 7

the view that psychology:
1. should be an objective science
2. studies behavior without reference to mental processes
2 no longer agreed with

Question 8

humanistic psychology

Answer 8

how we achieve personal growth and self-fulfillment
emphasizes human growth potential

Question 9

cognitive neuroscience

Answer 9

the interdisciplinary study of brain activity linked with cognition

Question 10

psychology

Answer 10

science of behavior and mental processes

Question 11

nature-nurture issue

Answer 11

controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experiences make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors

Question 12

natural selection

Answer 12

principle that inherited traits that better enable an organism to survive in an environment will most likely be passed on to offspring

Question 13

evolutionary psychology

Answer 13

study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection

Question 14

behavior genetics

Answer 14

study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior

Question 15

culture

Answer 15

the enduring behaviors, ideas, values, and traditions shared by a group of people over generations

Question 16

positive psychology

Answer 16

study of human flourishing, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive

Question 17

biopsychosocial approach

Answer 17

an integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural viewpoints

Question 18

behavioral psychology

Answer 18

study of observable behavior
not measurable

Question 19

biological psychology

Answer 19

study of the links between biological and psychological processes

Question 20

psychodynamic psychology

Answer 20

developed by Sigmund Freud
emphasizes the ways our childhood and unconscious mind affect our behavior

Question 21

social-cultural psychology

Answer 21

study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking

Question 22

testing effect, retrieval practice effect, test-enhanced learning

Answer 22

enhanced memory after retrieving info rather than just rereading it

Question 23

SQ3R (5)

Answer 23

study method with 5 steps: survey, question, read, retrieve, review

Question 24

psychometrics (3)

Answer 24

scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits

Question 25

basic research

Answer 25

pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base

Question 26

developmental psychology

Answer 26

studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span

Question 27

educational psychology

Answer 27

study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning

Question 28

personality psychology

Answer 28

study of individual’s characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting

Question 29

social psychology

Answer 29

study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Question 30

applied research

Answer 30

scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

Question 31

industrial organizational (I/O) psychology

Answer 31

application of psych concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces

Question 32

human factors psychology

Answer 32

allied with I/O psychology, explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use

Question 33

counseling psychology

Answer 33

assists people with problems in living and in achieving greater wellbeing

Question 34

clinical psychology

Answer 34

studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders

Question 35

psychiatry

Answer 35

branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders

Question 36

community psychology

Answer 36

studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups

Question 37

cognitive psychology

Answer 37

how we encode, process, store, and retrieve info
how interpretation affects thinking

Question 38

behavioral processes

Answer 38

anything an organism does that can be observed

Question 39

mental processes

Answer 39

internal, subjective experiences

Question 40

positivist approach

Answer 40

believes happiness is a by-product of a pleasant, engaged, and meaningful life