Unit 5 part 2 Flashcards
primary industry
an extractive industry as raw materials are taken from the natural source and used in manufactoring (4% of workforce, agriculture and mining)
primary manufactoring
raw metals that go into the making of steel (coal, limestone, and iron ore) Trees are also cut and prepared to be sent to mills and made as paper or lumber
secondary industry
processing primary resources into a finished product (21% of the workforce)
secondary manufactoring
steel created in primary manufactoring is sent to factories and used in making cars/appliances. the paper and lumber is sent to factories for books and furniture
tertiary industry
largest sectorof the workforce (75%) with services that support primary and secondary industries to serve society
Basic industries
are industries that bring new money into an economy (primary and secondary industries)
non-basic industries
industries that bring no new money into an economy but instead circulates it (tertiary industries)
famine
a temporary situation where there isn’t enough food to feed a region.
- caused by natural or human causes that can lead to starvation or diseases
starvation
the most extreme form of huner where the body breaks down tissue to feed itself (gives protien and energy)
malnutrition
peoples health being damaged by a diet that doesn’t meet their need.
-undernutrition in developing countries
- over nutrition leading to obesity
how does ploughing improve agriculture
as ploughing improves, more land is ploughed in less time, allowing tough soils to be ploughed and reduce soil erosion
industrialization in farming
the use of technology and machines like steam tractors, steel fencing, and wind-powered water pumps that allow work to be quick and efficient with less man power
green revolution
the advances in agriculture that were common to the developed world and are being exported to the developing world after WWII. this includes indroduction of high yield crops, increased chemical use, and machinery
selective breeding
used to improve the quality of later generation in an organism by choosing which individuals to breed. Dogs are selectively bred for temperament and apperance traits. also done for certain jobs but mainly companionship
subsistence farming
used to provide enough food for people living on a family farm, as well for extras to be sold
intensive agriculture
exploits a small amount of land using tons of labour and other outputs
extensive agriculture
exploits a large amount of land and uses little labour and other outputs
agribuisness
the concept of companies owning and running farming operation like any other buisness
cooperatives
formed by a group of farmers who own shares in a cooperative and get benefits. they share the cost and usage of equipment and divide profits based on number of shares
verticle intergration
when a company owns all parts of a farming operation
fertilizers
increase crop yield, but phosphates and nitrates cause large algae levels in water
herbicides
weed killers that compete with other plants for sunlight and water, but have harmfull effects on humans and animals
pesticides
kills insects that harm crops, vegetables, grain, tress, however are not biased and kill at insects (including those who control pests) and overuse developes immunity
minerals
naturally occuring, pure non-living, substances found in rocks
metallic minerals
gold, iron, nickel, copper, zinc, uranium and cobalt
industrial minerals
asbestos, diamonds, potash, soapstone, salt, stone
fossil fuels
oil, natural gas, and coal
open pit mining
occurs in areas where minerals are close to the surface
1.overburden is removed
2. holes are drilled in rocks
3. rock is exploted and hauled to the surface using big trucks
shaft mining
involves the extraction of ore from far beneath the Earth’s surface
