Unit 3 Part 2

Question 1

soil

Answer 1

the surface area of the earth composed with minerals and organic material, water, and air

Question 2

tundra

Answer 2

is the northern most vegetation region in Canada with harsher climate that is bush, moss, and grass (too cold for trees)

Question 3

transition zone

Answer 3

areas where characteristics of one specific region gradually change into those of another

Question 4

leaching

Answer 4

occurs in wet climate and is the removal of minerals from soil as water moves downward through it

Question 5

calcification

Answer 5

occurs in very dry climates, where water carries dissolved minerals up to the soil surface and the water evaporates leaving minerals behind

Question 6

Boreal and Taiga forest

Answer 6

set of coniferous trees that stretch across Canada south of the tundra but a bit north of grasslands and mixed forests

Question 7

Permafrost

Answer 7

ground that does not completely thaw in the summer

Question 8

humus

Answer 8

is the dark upper layer of soil composed of decayed plant material

Question 9

mixed forest

Answer 9

made up of both coniferous and deciduous trees and is a transition zone between boreal forests up north and deciduous forests in the south

Question 10

short-grass prairies

Answer 10

are the Canadian prairie regioins that have very little precipitation resulting in short grass

Question 11

long-grass prairies

Answer 11

are Canadian prairie regions thats have lots of precipitation resulting in long grass

Question 12

plateaus

Answer 12

elevated flat areas caused by intrusion of metamorphic and igneous rock (contain zinc and iron ore)

Question 13

fjords

Answer 13

long narrow inlets with steep rock walls, formed when glaciers eroded valleys below sea level

Question 14

loam

Answer 14

a well balanced mixture of sand, silt, clay, and humus and is best for growing plants as it encourages root growthand holds moisture for plants to gain minerals

Question 15

drowned coastlines

Answer 15

are small narrow inlets long and wide cause by weight of ice pressed on the land surrounding that coasts that dont rebound

Question 16

intrusions

Answer 16

is the forcing of igenous rock through pre-existing landforms without reaching the surface that recrystalizes from molten magma

Question 17

fossil fuels

Answer 17

oil, natural gas, and coal that form from decayed plant and animal material formed in sedimentary rock

Question 18

topsoil

Answer 18

take 6000-10000 years to form 10-25 cm of Canadian topsoil and is made of dead plants, leaves, and animal decomposed by bacteria. In cold areas with less moisture and vegetation, and humas the top soil is thin but will be thick if the climae is opposite