Landforms in Canda

Question 1

landforms

Answer 1

refers to the nautral features on the Earth’s surface like valleys and mountains

Question 2

topography

Answer 2

is the Earth’s features like vegetation, soil, and features shaped by humans

Question 3

canadian shield

Answer 3

makes up about half of Canada and is made of igneous and metamorphic rock
- contains metallic minerals (minerals that yield metal when processed like lead gold, zinc copper and nickle)
- have thin soils due to glaciers scraping, but good for forestation, lakes and river, rocks
- has fast flowing rivers that flow to the hudson where hydro electric dams are built

Question 4

smelting

Answer 4

the extraction of metal from rock by melting the rock to get rid of waste material and cut down costs when shipping

Question 5

why are fossil fuels not found in the shield?

Answer 5

fossil fuels are not found in the shield because animals and plants did not exist at the time the shield was created

Question 6

interior plains

Answer 6

formed when forces of erosion acted upon the shield and rocky mountains, sediments flowed into ancient seas and compacted, forming interior plain bedrock
- Canada’s Breakfast

Question 7

why do we find oil/gas in alberta and saskatchewan?

Answer 7

we find oil and gas in those provinces because they formed when the ancient coral reefs existed in the seas that covered it. remenants of coal were also found in the swaps

Question 8

potash

Answer 8

potash is formed when ancient seas evaporated leaving mineral deposists and is derived from pot ash. It is very important to the fertalizing industry.

Question 9

differential erosion

Answer 9

is when softer materials like rock erode quicker than harder materials and has formed the 3 distinct levels for prairies

Question 10

lake agassiz

Answer 10

is a great glacial lake caused by retreating of glaciers that cover most of Manitoba and saskatchewan
- when the land rebounded from weight of ice, the water emptied into the hudson and formed lake winnipeg, manitoba, cedar lake, and winnipegosis
-it also left sediments that formed rich soil

Question 11

great lakes and st. lawrence lowlands

Answer 11

-both created through glacial activity
- the great lakes were carved out by glaciers, leaving fertile land around them with sediments from glacier retreating and metlwater
- the st. lawrence lowlands formed by a rift valley in the area
- they are both good for agriculture since they are in the south with good soil and warm climate
50% of the population lives here and 70% of manufactoring industries are in Toronto and Montreal

Question 12

Hudson Bay Arctic lowlands

Answer 12

climate is extremely harsh and the land has permafrost all year round so its not used for farming
sedimentary rock formed in the paleozoic era would yield fossil fuels is they were feasible to drill and mine

Question 13

costal lowlands

Answer 13

the region of coast lowlands doesn’t really differ from interior plains, but is lower and flatter. has rich soil from rainfall that growns corn, cotton, fruits, and vegetables

Question 14

Appalachian Mountains

Answer 14

formed 300 million years ago when North America collided with Africa and Europe causing layers of sedimentary rock to fold. erosion and glaciation reduced the jagged peaks to rolling mountains and hills with wide valleys.
coal was also found in the sedimentary rock

Question 15

Innuation Mountains

Answer 15

formed during the mesozoic era when North America’s plate moved northward causing land to fold so most of it is sedimentary rock
- they are much younger than the appalachian mountains and we can tell as they have been through less erosion
- their minerals have not been exploited as it is too expensive since its harsh climate

Question 16

Western Cordillera

Answer 16

young due to their height and rugedness.
- they formed when the pacific plate forced its way under the north american plate, causing folding, faulting and volcanic activity
-passes are not low enough so transportation is difficult

Question 17

Eastern Mountains of the Cordillera

Answer 17

contains the rockies and columbia mountain
- the rockies are younger as they formed 66 million years ago through folding and faulting at a height of 4000m
- the columbia mountains are 3000m high, made of sedimentary rock and more intrusions for metallic mining

Question 18

Interior Plateaus

Answer 18

located in the centre of the cordillera being 1300-2000 m high and made of igneous and metamorphic rock from volcanic activity
- there is metallic mining for minerals like gold, copper, and zinc and have valleys that contain rich deposits from glacial rivers

Question 19

Coast mountains

Answer 19

formed as the pacific plate began to sink under the northamerican plate and magma rised and cooled at the Earth’s crust.
the movement of these plates lifted igneous and metamorphic rock to form the mountains. the plates keep moving making them prone to earthquakes.