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Med-Surg 2 > Unit 5 Meds > Flashcards

Unit 5 Meds Flashcards

1
Q

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor (Vasodilator) “afil” Meds

A

Sildenafil
Vardenafil
Tadalafil

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2
Q

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors Indications

A

Erectile dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension
Smooth muscle relaxant the increases blood flow to penis to promote erection

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3
Q

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors Routes

A

PO 30 min-4 hours before intercourse

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4
Q

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors Side Effects

A

Dizziness
Headache
Flushing
Hypotension
Painful and prolonged erection (priapism)

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5
Q

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors Nursing Considerations

A

Do not take more than 1 time in 24 hours (for ED)
Do not take with nitroglycerine/nitrates
Do not take within 4 hours of taking tamsulosin (unsafe drop in BP)

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6
Q

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/Luteinizing Hormone Agonist Meds

A

Leuprolide (GnRH agonist)
Goserelin (LH agonist)

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7
Q

Leuprolide Indications

A

Treatment of prostate cancer and endometrial cancer

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8
Q

Goserelin Indications

A

Decreases testosterone and estrogen

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9
Q

Leuprolide Routes

A

IM
SQ every 1-6 months
Implant 1 year

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10
Q

Goserelin Routes

A

SQ or implant in abdomen
Wall every 28 days

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11
Q

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/Luteinizing Hormone Agonist Side Effects

A

Hot flashes/Chills
Bone pain
Headache
Erectile dysfunction

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12
Q

Leuprolide Nursing Considerations

A

Education about side effects
Do not give to pregnant women

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13
Q

Goserelin Nursing Considerations

A

Co-treat with anti-androgen meds for first 2-3 weeks during testosterone surge (prostate Ca)

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14
Q

5a-reductase Inhibitor (Anti-androgen) Meds

A

Finasteride

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15
Q

Finasteride Indications

A

Inhibits enzyme that converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
Decreases prostate size

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16
Q

Finasteride Routes

A

PO

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17
Q

Finasteride Side Effects

A

Erectile dysfunction
Scalp hair growth

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18
Q

Finasteride Nursing Considerations

A

Women who are pregnant or may become pregnant should not handle crushed or broken tablets (male fetus harm)
Wear gloves if touching tablet

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19
Q

Alpha-adrenergic Blocker (α-adrenergic blocker) Meds

A

Tamsulosin

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20
Q

Tamsulosin Indications

A

Relaxes smooth muscle of prostate and bladder
Helps urine flow (Flomax)

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21
Q

Tamsulosin Routes

A

PO at bedtime

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22
Q

Tamsulosin Side Effects

A

Dizziness
Hypotension

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23
Q

Tamsulosin Nursing Considerations

A

Change positions slowly
Given at bedtime to decrease incidence of hypotension
Ask about concurrent use of Saw Palmetto (herb has similar action to tamsulosin)

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24
Q

Anticholinergic / Antispasmodic Meds

A

Hyoscyamine

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25
Hyoscyamine Indications
Adjuvant therapy that reduces bladder spasms, irritable bowel syndrome, and renal colic. Used post-TURP to decrease bladder pain
26
Hyoscyamine Routes
PO
27
Hyoscyamine Side Effects
Dry mouth Blurred vision Constipation Urinary retention Confusion
28
Hyoscyamine Nursing Considerations
Contraindicated if patient has glaucoma or BPH Helps manage urinary continence after prostate surgery
29
Estrogen Modulator (Anti-Estrogen) Meds
Tamoxifen
30
Tamoxifen Indications
Treatment of DCIS in pre/post-menopausal women Breast cancer prevention in high-risk women Suppress growth + estrogen Ca
31
Tamoxifen Routes
PO every day for 5-10 years
32
Tamoxifen Side Effects
Hot flashes Night sweats Vaginal dryness Bone loss (pre-menopausal only)
33
Tamoxifen Nursing Considerations
Monitor weight and vaginal bleeding Calcium supplements as needed Can increase risk of DVT and uterine Ca (rare)
34
Aromatase Inhibitor Meds
Anastrazole
35
Anastrazole Indications
Treatment of breast cancer in post-menopausal women Inhibits aromatase to decrease estrogen and slow tumor growth
36
Anastrazole Routes
PO every day for 5-10 years
37
Anastrazole Side Effects
Hot flashes Menopause symptoms Arthralgia/Muscle pain Bone loss
38
Anastrazole Nursing Considerations
Calcium supplements as needed Check bone density before and during tx May be used pre-menopause but will require concurrent ovarian suppression medications (ovaries responsible for estrogen secretion prior to menopause)
39
Nitromidazole, Anti-Infective Meds
Metronidazole
40
Metronidazole Indications
Treatment of bacterial or protazoal infections (Anaerobic infections, vaginosis, fungus, etc.)
41
Metronidazole Routes
PO IV Topical Vaginal
42
Metronidazole Side Effects
Dizziness Headache NVD Abdominal cramps Metallic taste Dark urine
43
Metronidazole Nursing Considerations
Need culture and sensitivity prior to treatment Monitor weight and I&O Avoid alcohol during and 48 hours after use – reaction can occur (severe flushing, HA, NV, and hypotension)
44
Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (GCFS) Meds
Filgrastim
45
Filgrastim Indications
Stimulates neutrophils to develop and mature Treatment for leukemia
46
Filgrastim Routes
IV SQ
47
Filgrastim Side Effects
Nausea Fever Bone/Muscle pain
48
Filgrastim Nursing Considerations
Obtain baseline CBC and monitor during tx Monitor temp for s/s infection Do not give 24 hr before/after chemo
49
Iron Supplements (Ferrous- Fe) Meds
Ferrous (Fe) gluconate Fe sulfate Fe fumarate
50
Iron Supplements Indications
Treatment of iron deficiency anemia Iron needed for RBC health
51
Iron Supplements Routes
PO 1-2 hours before meals IV IM
52
Iron Supplements Side Effects
Dark stools Gi upset Constipation
53
Iron Supplements Nursing Considerations
Monitor Hgb and Hct Avoid taking with dairy or antacids Vitamin C increases absorption
54
Vitamin Meds
Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) Folic Acid (Folate, B9)
55
Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) Indications
Treatment of pernicious anemia
56
Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) Routes
PO IM IV SQ
57
Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) Side Effects
Headache Nausea
58
Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) Nursing Considerations
Monitor B12 levels and Hgb and Hct Parenteral route if oral not absorbed
59
Folic Acid (Folate, B9) Indications
Treatment of folic acid deficiency anemia
60
Folic Acid (Folate, B9) Routes
PO IM IV SQ
61
Folic Acid (Folate, B9) Side Effects
Nausea Bitter taste in mouth
62
Folic Acid (Folate, B9) Nursing Considerations
Monitor folic acid level and Hgb and Hct Parenteral route if oral not absorbed
63
Anticoagulants "-arin or -parin" Meds
Warfarin Heparin Enoxaparin (low molecular weight heparin-LMWH)
64
Warfarin Indications
Treatment for thrombotic disorders and treatment / prevention of clot (DVT, PE, etc.) Interferes with liver synthesis of clotting factors. Blocks the formation of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors Does not dissolve a thrombus that already has formed
65
Warfarin Routes
PO only
66
Warfarin Side Effects
Bleeding Anemia
67
Warfarin Nursing Considerations
Monitor PT (therapeutic 14-24 seconds) and INR (therapeutic 2-3) Monitor CBC/platelet count Dietary education – avoid excess green leafy vegetables – have vitamin K Antidote: vitamin K – give PO or IV depending on severity of bleeding
68
Heparin Indications
Treatment for thrombotic disorders and treatment / prevention of clot (DVT, PE) Inactivates thrombin (IIa), Xa, IX, XI, and XII) Does not dissolve a thrombus that already has formed
69
Heparin Routes
IV SQ
70
Heparin Side Effects
Bleeding Anemia Heparin induced thrombocytopenia
71
Heparin Nursing Considerations
Monitor aPTT (therapeutic 45-74 seconds) or Anti Xa (0.3-1.3 therapeutic) Monitor CBC/platelet count Antidote: protamine sulfate – give IV
72
Enoxaparin Indications
Treatment for thrombotic disorders and treatment / prevention of clot (DVT, PE) Inhibits factor Xa, longer lasting but more predictable Does not dissolve a thrombus that already has formed
73
Enoxaparin Routes
SQ only
74
Enoxaparin Side Effects
Bleeding Anemia Heparin induced thrombocytopenia Side effects less likely to occur than with heparin
75
Enoxaparin Nursing Considerations
Monitor anti-Xa level (0.3-1.3 therapeutic) PTT is NOT accurate test to assess effects of LMWH Does not require as frequent monitoring as heparin does Antidote: protamine sulfate – give IV

Med-Surg 2 (4 decks)

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