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Med-Surg 2 > Unit 5 Meds > Flashcards

Unit 5 Meds Flashcards

1
Q

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor (Vasodilator) “afil” Meds

A

Sildenafil
Vardenafil
Tadalafil

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2
Q

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors Indications

A

Erectile dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension
Smooth muscle relaxant the increases blood flow to penis to promote erection

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3
Q

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors Routes

A

PO 30 min-4 hours before intercourse

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4
Q

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors Side Effects

A

Dizziness
Headache
Flushing
Hypotension
Painful and prolonged erection (priapism)

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5
Q

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors Nursing Considerations

A

Do not take more than 1 time in 24 hours (for ED)
Do not take with nitroglycerine/nitrates
Do not take within 4 hours of taking tamsulosin (unsafe drop in BP)

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6
Q

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/Luteinizing Hormone Agonist Meds

A

Leuprolide (GnRH agonist)
Goserelin (LH agonist)

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7
Q

Leuprolide Indications

A

Treatment of prostate cancer and endometrial cancer

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8
Q

Goserelin Indications

A

Decreases testosterone and estrogen

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9
Q

Leuprolide Routes

A

IM
SQ every 1-6 months
Implant 1 year

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10
Q

Goserelin Routes

A

SQ or implant in abdomen
Wall every 28 days

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11
Q

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/Luteinizing Hormone Agonist Side Effects

A

Hot flashes/Chills
Bone pain
Headache
Erectile dysfunction

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12
Q

Leuprolide Nursing Considerations

A

Education about side effects
Do not give to pregnant women

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13
Q

Goserelin Nursing Considerations

A

Co-treat with anti-androgen meds for first 2-3 weeks during testosterone surge (prostate Ca)

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14
Q

5a-reductase Inhibitor (Anti-androgen) Meds

A

Finasteride

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15
Q

Finasteride Indications

A

Inhibits enzyme that converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
Decreases prostate size

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16
Q

Finasteride Routes

A

PO

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17
Q

Finasteride Side Effects

A

Erectile dysfunction
Scalp hair growth

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18
Q

Finasteride Nursing Considerations

A

Women who are pregnant or may become pregnant should not handle crushed or broken tablets (male fetus harm)
Wear gloves if touching tablet

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19
Q

Alpha-adrenergic Blocker (α-adrenergic blocker) Meds

A

Tamsulosin

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20
Q

Tamsulosin Indications

A

Relaxes smooth muscle of prostate and bladder
Helps urine flow (Flomax)

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21
Q

Tamsulosin Routes

A

PO at bedtime

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22
Q

Tamsulosin Side Effects

A

Dizziness
Hypotension

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23
Q

Tamsulosin Nursing Considerations

A

Change positions slowly
Given at bedtime to decrease incidence of hypotension
Ask about concurrent use of Saw Palmetto (herb has similar action to tamsulosin)

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24
Q

Anticholinergic / Antispasmodic Meds

A

Hyoscyamine

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25
Q

Hyoscyamine Indications

A

Adjuvant therapy that reduces bladder spasms, irritable bowel syndrome, and renal colic.
Used post-TURP to decrease bladder pain

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26
Q

Hyoscyamine Routes

A

PO

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27
Q

Hyoscyamine Side Effects

A

Dry mouth
Blurred vision
Constipation
Urinary retention
Confusion

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28
Q

Hyoscyamine Nursing Considerations

A

Contraindicated if patient has glaucoma or BPH
Helps manage urinary continence after prostate surgery

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29
Q

Estrogen Modulator (Anti-Estrogen) Meds

A

Tamoxifen

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30
Q

Tamoxifen Indications

A

Treatment of DCIS in pre/post-menopausal women
Breast cancer prevention in high-risk women
Suppress growth + estrogen Ca

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31
Q

Tamoxifen Routes

A

PO every day for 5-10 years

32
Q

Tamoxifen Side Effects

A

Hot flashes
Night sweats
Vaginal dryness
Bone loss (pre-menopausal only)

33
Q

Tamoxifen Nursing Considerations

A

Monitor weight and vaginal bleeding
Calcium supplements as needed
Can increase risk of DVT and uterine Ca (rare)

34
Q

Aromatase Inhibitor Meds

A

Anastrazole

35
Q

Anastrazole Indications

A

Treatment of breast cancer in post-menopausal women
Inhibits aromatase to decrease estrogen and slow tumor growth

36
Q

Anastrazole Routes

A

PO every day for 5-10 years

37
Q

Anastrazole Side Effects

A

Hot flashes
Menopause symptoms
Arthralgia/Muscle pain
Bone loss

38
Q

Anastrazole Nursing Considerations

A

Calcium supplements as needed
Check bone density before and during tx
May be used pre-menopause but will require concurrent ovarian suppression medications (ovaries responsible for estrogen secretion prior to menopause)

39
Q

Nitromidazole, Anti-Infective Meds

A

Metronidazole

40
Q

Metronidazole Indications

A

Treatment of bacterial or protazoal infections
(Anaerobic infections, vaginosis, fungus, etc.)

41
Q

Metronidazole Routes

A

PO
IV
Topical
Vaginal

42
Q

Metronidazole Side Effects

A

Dizziness
Headache
NVD
Abdominal cramps
Metallic taste
Dark urine

43
Q

Metronidazole Nursing Considerations

A

Need culture and sensitivity prior to treatment
Monitor weight and I&O
Avoid alcohol during and 48 hours after use – reaction can occur (severe flushing, HA, NV, and hypotension)

44
Q

Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (GCFS) Meds

A

Filgrastim

45
Q

Filgrastim Indications

A

Stimulates neutrophils to develop and mature
Treatment for leukemia

46
Q

Filgrastim Routes

A

IV
SQ

47
Q

Filgrastim Side Effects

A

Nausea
Fever
Bone/Muscle pain

48
Q

Filgrastim Nursing Considerations

A

Obtain baseline CBC and monitor during tx
Monitor temp for s/s infection
Do not give 24 hr before/after chemo

49
Q

Iron Supplements (Ferrous- Fe) Meds

A

Ferrous (Fe) gluconate
Fe sulfate
Fe fumarate

50
Q

Iron Supplements Indications

A

Treatment of iron deficiency anemia
Iron needed for RBC health

51
Q

Iron Supplements Routes

A

PO 1-2 hours before meals
IV
IM

52
Q

Iron Supplements Side Effects

A

Dark stools
Gi upset
Constipation

53
Q

Iron Supplements Nursing Considerations

A

Monitor Hgb and Hct
Avoid taking with dairy or antacids
Vitamin C increases absorption

54
Q

Vitamin Meds

A

Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12)
Folic Acid (Folate, B9)

55
Q

Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) Indications

A

Treatment of pernicious anemia

56
Q

Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) Routes

A

PO
IM
IV
SQ

57
Q

Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) Side Effects

A

Headache
Nausea

58
Q

Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) Nursing Considerations

A

Monitor B12 levels and Hgb and Hct
Parenteral route if oral not absorbed

59
Q

Folic Acid (Folate, B9) Indications

A

Treatment of folic acid deficiency anemia

60
Q

Folic Acid (Folate, B9) Routes

A

PO
IM
IV
SQ

61
Q

Folic Acid (Folate, B9) Side Effects

A

Nausea
Bitter taste in mouth

62
Q

Folic Acid (Folate, B9) Nursing Considerations

A

Monitor folic acid level and Hgb and Hct
Parenteral route if oral not absorbed

63
Q

Anticoagulants “-arin or -parin” Meds

A

Warfarin
Heparin
Enoxaparin (low molecular weight heparin-LMWH)

64
Q

Warfarin Indications

A

Treatment for thrombotic disorders and treatment / prevention of clot (DVT, PE, etc.)
Interferes with liver synthesis of clotting factors. Blocks the formation of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors
Does not dissolve a thrombus that already has formed

65
Q

Warfarin Routes

A

PO only

66
Q

Warfarin Side Effects

A

Bleeding
Anemia

67
Q

Warfarin Nursing Considerations

A

Monitor PT (therapeutic 14-24 seconds) and INR (therapeutic 2-3)
Monitor CBC/platelet count
Dietary education – avoid excess green leafy vegetables – have vitamin K
Antidote: vitamin K – give PO or IV depending on severity of bleeding

68
Q

Heparin Indications

A

Treatment for thrombotic disorders and treatment / prevention of clot (DVT, PE)
Inactivates thrombin (IIa), Xa, IX, XI, and XII)
Does not dissolve a thrombus that already has formed

69
Q

Heparin Routes

A

IV
SQ

70
Q

Heparin Side Effects

A

Bleeding
Anemia
Heparin induced thrombocytopenia

71
Q

Heparin Nursing Considerations

A

Monitor aPTT (therapeutic 45-74 seconds) or Anti Xa (0.3-1.3 therapeutic)
Monitor CBC/platelet count
Antidote: protamine sulfate – give IV

72
Q

Enoxaparin Indications

A

Treatment for thrombotic disorders and treatment / prevention of clot (DVT, PE)
Inhibits factor Xa, longer lasting but more predictable
Does not dissolve a thrombus that already has formed

73
Q

Enoxaparin Routes

A

SQ only

74
Q

Enoxaparin Side Effects

A

Bleeding
Anemia
Heparin induced thrombocytopenia
Side effects less likely to occur than with heparin

75
Q

Enoxaparin Nursing Considerations

A

Monitor anti-Xa level (0.3-1.3 therapeutic)
PTT is NOT accurate test to assess effects of LMWH
Does not require as frequent monitoring as heparin does
Antidote: protamine sulfate – give IV

Med-Surg 2 (4 decks)

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