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Med-Surg 2 > Unit 2 Meds > Flashcards

Unit 2 Meds Flashcards

1
Q

Anticonvulsant Meds

A

Phenytoin
Valproic Acid
Carbamazepine
Gabapentin

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2
Q

Phenytoin Indications

A

Seizures
Increases seizure threshold, decreases seizure activity

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3
Q

Phenytoin Routes

A

PO, IV
Only mix in NS
Slow IV (<50 mg/min)

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4
Q

Valproic Acid Indications

A

Seizures and migraines

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5
Q

Valproic Acid Routes

A

PO, IV

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6
Q

Carbamazepine Indications

A

Seizures and nerve pain

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7
Q

Carbamazepine Routes

A

PO

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8
Q

Gabapentin Indications

A

Seizures, migraines, and nerve pain

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9
Q

Gabapentin Routes

A

PO

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10
Q

Anticonvulsant Side Effects

A

Drowsiness
Dizziness
Rash
Dry mouth
Nausea/Vomiting
Depression
Blood dyscrasias (increased WBCs)
Hepatotoxicity

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11
Q

Anticonvulsant Nursing Considerations

A

Do not stop abruptly or withdrawal seizures may occur
Oral hygiene for dry mouth
Monitor LFT (ALT and AST)
Carbamazepine: avoid grapefruit and monitor for suicidal ideation

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12
Q

Phenytoin Therapeutic level

A

10-20 mcg/mL

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13
Q

Valproic Acid Therapeutic level

A

50-100 mcg/mL

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14
Q

Carbamazepine Therapeutic level

A

4-12 mcg/mL

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15
Q

Benzodiazepines “pam” Meds

A

Diazepam
Lorazepam
Clonazepam

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16
Q

Benzodiazepines Indications

A

Seizures
Anxiety
Skeletal muscle relaxant, CNS depressant, increases GABA

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17
Q

Benzodiazepines Routes

A

IM, PO, PR
Slow IV over 1-2 minutes
Do not dilute or mix

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18
Q

Benzodiazepines Side Effects

A

Drowsiness
Dizziness
Respiratory depression
Dependence
Neutropenia and jaundice

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19
Q

Benzodiazepines Nursing Considerations

A

Monitor respiratory rate
Avoid alcohol
Monitor CBC and LFT (AST and ALT)
Do not stop abruptly
Antidote: Flumazenil

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20
Q

Phenobarbital Indications

A

Seizures
CNS depressant, increases GABA

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21
Q

Phenobarbital Routes

A

PO
Slow IV over 5 minutes

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22
Q

Phenobarbital Side Effects

A

Drowsiness
Dizziness
Respiratory depression
Dependence

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23
Q

Phenobarbital Nursing Considerations

A

Do not stop abruptly
Monitor respiratory rate
Avoid alcohol
Monitor for toxicity: therapeutic level 10-40 mcg/mL

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24
Q

Anti-Parkinson “dopa” Meds

A

Carbidopa
Levodopa

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25
Anti-Parkinson Indications
Parkinson's Disease Carbidopa prevents levodopa from being broken down in the brain Levodopa increases dopamine
26
Anti-Parkinson Routes
PO
27
Anti-Parkinson Side Effects
Involuntary movements (dyskinesia) Nausea/Vomiting Hypotension Hepatotoxicity Dry mouth
28
Anti-Parkinson Nursing Considerations
Monitor CBC, LFT, and renal function Muscle twitching and facial grimacing seen with overdose Malignant melanoma (possible risk from either PD or medications
29
Anticholinergics Meds
Trihexyphenidyl Benztropine
30
Anticholinergics Indications
Parkinson's Disease Decreases rigidity/tremors Inhibits acetylcholine to balance ratio with dopamine
31
Trihexyphenidyl Routes
PO with meals
32
Benztropine Routes
PO, IM, IV
33
Anticholinergics Side Effects
Urinary retention Constipation Dry mouth Blurred vision
34
Anticholinergics Nursing Considerations
Assess for urinary retention Provide oral care Avoid overheating-decreases ability to sweat
35
Pyridostigmine Indications
Myasthenia Gravis Anticholinesterase Inhibits breakdown of ACH to increase muscle strength
36
Pyridostigmine Routes
IV undiluted PO
37
Pyridostigmine Side Effects
Bronchospasm Bradycardia Abdominal cramping Seizures
38
Pyridostigmine Nursing Considerations
Give at same time each day to maintain level in body Being off schedule may exacerbate weakness Antidote: atropine (inhibits parasympathetic)
39
Mannitol Indications
Increased ICP Renal failure Sugar alcohol inhibits reabsorption of H2O and electrolytes
40
Mannitol Routes
IV with filter over 20-30 minutes
41
Mannitol Side Effects
Fluid deficit Hypernatremia
42
Mannitol Nursing Considerations
Inspect bag for crystals prior to infusing Monitor urine output Monitor vital signs and daily weight Monitor labs: CMP, BUN, creatinine Assess CVP (2-8 mmHg is normal)
43
Corticosteroid/Glucocorticoid "sone" or "lone" Meds
Dexamethasone Hydrocortisone
44
Corticosteroid/Glucocorticoid Indications
Inflammation Decreases inflammation and ICP Adrenal Insufficiency
45
Corticosteroid/Glucocorticoid Routes
PO, IM, topical, IV undiluted over at least 1 minute
46
Corticosteroid/Glucocorticoid Side Effects
Hyperglycemia and HTN Na and water retention Osteoporosis Decreased immunity Muscle wasting Weight gain/moon face
47
Corticosteroid/Glucocorticoid Nursing Considerations
Monitor glucose Monitor vital signs Give w/ meals to decrease GI upset Monitor weight and fluid/electrolytes Do not stop abruptly- taper dose or adrenal crisis may occur
48
Baclofen Indications
Spasticity seen with SCI, MS, or injury Muscle relaxant
49
Baclofen Routes
PO
50
Baclofen Side Effects
Drowsiness Dizziness Fatigue Nausea
51
Baclofen Nursing Considerations
Give with food Avoid alcohol Do not stop abruptly – may cause hallucinations and seizures
52
Thyroid Agent Meds
Levothyroxine Prophylthiouracil (PTU) Methimazole
53
Levothyroxine Indications
Hypothyroidism Synthetic thyroid hormone
54
Levothyroxine Routes
PO, IV
55
Levothyroxine Side Effects
Angina Tachycardia Weight loss Hyperthyroidism
56
Levothyroxine Nursing Considerations
Take in am 30 minutes before breakfast with full glass of water Monitor thyroid levels If crushed, do not mix with soy
57
Prophylthiouracil (PTU) and Methimazole Indications
Hyperthyroidism/Grave's Disease Given when surgery not indicated Can be given with radioactive iodine Anti-thyroid
58
Prophylthiouracil (PTU) and Methimazole Routes
PO
59
Prophylthiouracil (PTU) and Methimazole Side Effects
Hepatotoxicity Nausea and vomiting Rash Agranulocytosis
60
Prophylthiouracil (PTU) and Methimazole Nursing Considerations
Monitor thyroid levels Monitor CBC

Med-Surg 2 (4 decks)

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