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Med-Surg 2 > Unit 2 Meds > Flashcards

Unit 2 Meds Flashcards

1
Q

Anticonvulsant Meds

A

Phenytoin
Valproic Acid
Carbamazepine
Gabapentin

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2
Q

Phenytoin Indications

A

Seizures
Increases seizure threshold, decreases seizure activity

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3
Q

Phenytoin Routes

A

PO, IV
Only mix in NS
Slow IV (<50 mg/min)

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4
Q

Valproic Acid Indications

A

Seizures and migraines

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5
Q

Valproic Acid Routes

A

PO, IV

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6
Q

Carbamazepine Indications

A

Seizures and nerve pain

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7
Q

Carbamazepine Routes

A

PO

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8
Q

Gabapentin Indications

A

Seizures, migraines, and nerve pain

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9
Q

Gabapentin Routes

A

PO

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10
Q

Anticonvulsant Side Effects

A

Drowsiness
Dizziness
Rash
Dry mouth
Nausea/Vomiting
Depression
Blood dyscrasias (increased WBCs)
Hepatotoxicity

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11
Q

Anticonvulsant Nursing Considerations

A

Do not stop abruptly or withdrawal seizures may occur
Oral hygiene for dry mouth
Monitor LFT (ALT and AST)
Carbamazepine: avoid grapefruit and monitor for suicidal ideation

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12
Q

Phenytoin Therapeutic level

A

10-20 mcg/mL

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13
Q

Valproic Acid Therapeutic level

A

50-100 mcg/mL

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14
Q

Carbamazepine Therapeutic level

A

4-12 mcg/mL

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15
Q

Benzodiazepines “pam” Meds

A

Diazepam
Lorazepam
Clonazepam

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16
Q

Benzodiazepines Indications

A

Seizures
Anxiety
Skeletal muscle relaxant, CNS depressant, increases GABA

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17
Q

Benzodiazepines Routes

A

IM, PO, PR
Slow IV over 1-2 minutes
Do not dilute or mix

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18
Q

Benzodiazepines Side Effects

A

Drowsiness
Dizziness
Respiratory depression
Dependence
Neutropenia and jaundice

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19
Q

Benzodiazepines Nursing Considerations

A

Monitor respiratory rate
Avoid alcohol
Monitor CBC and LFT (AST and ALT)
Do not stop abruptly
Antidote: Flumazenil

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20
Q

Phenobarbital Indications

A

Seizures
CNS depressant, increases GABA

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21
Q

Phenobarbital Routes

A

PO
Slow IV over 5 minutes

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22
Q

Phenobarbital Side Effects

A

Drowsiness
Dizziness
Respiratory depression
Dependence

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23
Q

Phenobarbital Nursing Considerations

A

Do not stop abruptly
Monitor respiratory rate
Avoid alcohol
Monitor for toxicity: therapeutic level 10-40 mcg/mL

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24
Q

Anti-Parkinson “dopa” Meds

A

Carbidopa
Levodopa

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25
Q

Anti-Parkinson Indications

A

Parkinson’s Disease
Carbidopa prevents levodopa from being broken down in the brain
Levodopa increases dopamine

26
Q

Anti-Parkinson Routes

A

PO

27
Q

Anti-Parkinson Side Effects

A

Involuntary movements (dyskinesia)
Nausea/Vomiting
Hypotension
Hepatotoxicity
Dry mouth

28
Q

Anti-Parkinson Nursing Considerations

A

Monitor CBC, LFT, and renal function
Muscle twitching and facial grimacing seen with overdose
Malignant melanoma (possible risk from either PD or medications

29
Q

Anticholinergics Meds

A

Trihexyphenidyl
Benztropine

30
Q

Anticholinergics Indications

A

Parkinson’s Disease
Decreases rigidity/tremors
Inhibits acetylcholine to balance ratio with dopamine

31
Q

Trihexyphenidyl Routes

A

PO with meals

32
Q

Benztropine Routes

A

PO, IM, IV

33
Q

Anticholinergics Side Effects

A

Urinary retention
Constipation
Dry mouth
Blurred vision

34
Q

Anticholinergics Nursing Considerations

A

Assess for urinary retention
Provide oral care
Avoid overheating-decreases ability to sweat

35
Q

Pyridostigmine Indications

A

Myasthenia Gravis
Anticholinesterase
Inhibits breakdown of ACH to increase muscle strength

36
Q

Pyridostigmine Routes

A

IV undiluted
PO

37
Q

Pyridostigmine Side Effects

A

Bronchospasm
Bradycardia
Abdominal cramping
Seizures

38
Q

Pyridostigmine Nursing Considerations

A

Give at same time each day to maintain level in body
Being off schedule may exacerbate weakness
Antidote: atropine (inhibits parasympathetic)

39
Q

Mannitol Indications

A

Increased ICP
Renal failure
Sugar alcohol inhibits reabsorption of H2O and electrolytes

40
Q

Mannitol Routes

A

IV with filter over 20-30 minutes

41
Q

Mannitol Side Effects

A

Fluid deficit
Hypernatremia

42
Q

Mannitol Nursing Considerations

A

Inspect bag for crystals prior to infusing
Monitor urine output
Monitor vital signs and daily weight
Monitor labs: CMP, BUN, creatinine
Assess CVP (2-8 mmHg is normal)

43
Q

Corticosteroid/Glucocorticoid “sone” or “lone” Meds

A

Dexamethasone
Hydrocortisone

44
Q

Corticosteroid/Glucocorticoid Indications

A

Inflammation
Decreases inflammation and ICP
Adrenal Insufficiency

45
Q

Corticosteroid/Glucocorticoid Routes

A

PO, IM, topical,
IV undiluted over at least 1 minute

46
Q

Corticosteroid/Glucocorticoid Side Effects

A

Hyperglycemia and HTN
Na and water retention
Osteoporosis
Decreased immunity
Muscle wasting
Weight gain/moon face

47
Q

Corticosteroid/Glucocorticoid Nursing Considerations

A

Monitor glucose
Monitor vital signs
Give w/ meals to decrease GI upset
Monitor weight and fluid/electrolytes
Do not stop abruptly- taper dose or adrenal crisis may occur

48
Q

Baclofen Indications

A

Spasticity seen with SCI, MS, or injury
Muscle relaxant

49
Q

Baclofen Routes

A

PO

50
Q

Baclofen Side Effects

A

Drowsiness
Dizziness
Fatigue
Nausea

51
Q

Baclofen Nursing Considerations

A

Give with food
Avoid alcohol
Do not stop abruptly – may cause hallucinations and seizures

52
Q

Thyroid Agent Meds

A

Levothyroxine
Prophylthiouracil (PTU)
Methimazole

53
Q

Levothyroxine Indications

A

Hypothyroidism
Synthetic thyroid hormone

54
Q

Levothyroxine Routes

A

PO, IV

55
Q

Levothyroxine Side Effects

A

Angina
Tachycardia
Weight loss
Hyperthyroidism

56
Q

Levothyroxine Nursing Considerations

A

Take in am 30 minutes before breakfast with full glass of water
Monitor thyroid levels
If crushed, do not mix with soy

57
Q

Prophylthiouracil (PTU) and Methimazole Indications

A

Hyperthyroidism/Grave’s Disease
Given when surgery not indicated
Can be given with radioactive iodine
Anti-thyroid

58
Q

Prophylthiouracil (PTU) and Methimazole Routes

A

PO

59
Q

Prophylthiouracil (PTU) and Methimazole Side Effects

A

Hepatotoxicity
Nausea and vomiting
Rash
Agranulocytosis

60
Q

Prophylthiouracil (PTU) and Methimazole Nursing Considerations

A

Monitor thyroid levels
Monitor CBC

Med-Surg 2 (4 decks)

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