Unit 5: Manifest Destiny/Sectionalism/Reconstruction Flashcards

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1
Q

Manifest Destiny

A

1800s belief that Americans had the right to spread across the continent. Inspired Westward Expansion

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2
Q

54’40’ or Fight

A

Slogan used to gain support to get the full land of the Oregon territory from Britain. It didn’t work

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3
Q

Annexation of Texas

A

US Citizens moved into Texas, but rebelled against the Mexican government when they wouldn’t allow slavery

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4
Q

Mexican-American War

A

Conflict between Mexico and the US. Considered the first “unnecessary” war. The US won and gained much of the southwestern United States

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5
Q

Gadsden Purchase

A

Additional purchase that “cleaned up” the borders of land acquired from Guadalupe Hidalgo

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6
Q

Wilmot Proviso

A

Senate bill that thought the Mex-Am. War lands should ban slavery. Never passes

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7
Q

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

A

Treaty following the end of the Mexican American war that gave the US land in NM, NV, CO, TX, CA, AZ, UT

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8
Q

The Kansas-Nebraska Act

A

Decision to determine the Free vs. Slave status of Kansas and Nebraska by Popular Sovereignty. Overturned the compromise of 1820

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9
Q

Popular Sovereignty

A

“Majority Rules”. The concept that power is held by the popular decision in an area

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10
Q

Bleeding Kansas

A

The conflict that arose in the wake of the Kansas-Nebraska Act. Popular Sovereignty caused bloody battles between Pro and Anti slavery advocates

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11
Q

Dred Scott V. Sandford

A

When an enslaved man was taken to a free territory he attempted to sue for his freedom. The court ruled against him and stated that, since slaves are property, there’s nothing the federal government can do anywhere in the country

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12
Q

Harper’s Ferry

A

Raid by John Brown in an attempt to start a slave rebellion in W. Virginia

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13
Q

Compromise of 1850

A

(1) California admitted as free state, (2) territorial status and popular sovereignty of Utah and New Mexico, (3) resolution of Texas-New Mexico boundaries, (4) federal assumption of Texas debt, (5) slave trade abolished in DC, and (6) new fugitive slave law; advocated by Henry Clay and Stephen A. Douglas

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14
Q

Fugitive Slave Act

A

A law that made it a crime to help runaway slaves; allowed for the arrest of escaped slaves in areas where slavery was illegal and required their return to slaveholders

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15
Q

Gag Rule (1836-1846)

A

Banned any discussion of slavery in Congress

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16
Q

Southern Economy

A

Focus on Cash Crops and Slave Labor. Almost no Industrialization

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17
Q

Northern Economy

A

Manufacturing and trade. Many cities with factories.

18
Q

Confederacy

A

Group of Southern states that fought against the North in support of slavery

19
Q

Emancipation Proclamation

A

Document written by Lincoln that freed all slaves in areas “in rebellion” against the US

20
Q

Habeas Corpus

A

If you’re arrested they have to tell you why. Suspended during the Civil War by Lincoln

21
Q

Border States

A

States that supported slavery but didn’t secede from the Union. Important buffer for the North

22
Q

Union

A

Northern states that fought the Confederacy. Originally just bc they were in rebellion, but eventually they fought to end slavery

23
Q

Battle of Gettysburg

A

Key turning point in the Civil War

24
Q

Appomattox Court House

A

Location of the Confederate surrender

25
Q

13th Amendment

A

Abolished slavery in the United States

26
Q

14th Amendment

A

States that all those born in America are by default US citizens and receive all rights guaranteed

27
Q

15th Amendment

A

The right to vote can not be taken away by “Race, Color, or Previous condition” (gender still works though)

28
Q

10% Plan

A

Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction. 10% of a Confederate State’s population would swear a loyalty oath to be readmitted

29
Q

Radical Republicans

A

A group that believed the South should be harshly punished and thought the federal government should do more to help out with Reconstruction

30
Q

Jim Crow Laws/Black Codes

A

Laws intended to keep blacks segregated and treated poorly after the Civil War. Included provisions to make separate drinking fountains, schools, restaurants, etc.

31
Q

Freedmen’s Bureau

A

1865 - Agency set up to aid former slaves in adjusting themselves to freedom. It furnished food and clothing and helped them get jobs

32
Q

Sharecropping

A

A system used on southern farms after the Civil War in which farmers worked land owned by someone else in return for a small portion of the crops.

33
Q

Segregation

A

Separation of people based on racial, ethnic, or other differences

34
Q

Andrew Johnson

A

17th President of the United States. Took over after Lincoln’s assassination. Extremely unpopular due to his opinions on reconstruction. Impeached but avoided conviction by one vote

35
Q

Wade-Davis Bill

A

Harsher plan for Reconstruction. Required 50% of “loyal” southerners to sign an oath of allegiance.

36
Q

Ku-Klux-Klan

A

Gang of former confederates who used intimidation and terrorism to remove the rights of African Americans

37
Q

Scallywags

A

Southerners who welcomed northerners to gain favor and political power

38
Q

Carpetbaggers

A

Northerners who moved south to profit off of Reconstruction

39
Q

Congressional Reconstruction

A

Reconstruction plan that split the south into multiple “Military Districts” that were overseen by Northern generals

40
Q

Force Act

A

Allowed the use of military force against any who tried to limit the rights of African Americans