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AP US > Unit 4: Jefferson, Market Rev., Good feels, Jackson, Reform > Flashcards

Unit 4: Jefferson, Market Rev., Good feels, Jackson, Reform Flashcards

1
Q

Thomas Jefferson

A

3rd president of the US Democratic Republican

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2
Q

Agrarian

A

Relating to farms and farmers

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3
Q

The Louisiana Purchase

A

Land bought by Jefferson from Napoleon in 1803

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4
Q

Midnight Judges

A

Justices signed in by Adams on the last night of his presidency

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5
Q

Judicial review

A

Court has the power to determine the constitutionality, strengthens the judiciary branch

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6
Q

Tariff

A

A tax on goods imported from other countries

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7
Q

Tripoli and the Barbary Pirates

A

Jefferson refused to pay tribute to pirates who were attack US ships. Instead he sent the military to handle the situation and sign a peace treaty.

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8
Q

The Embargo Act

A

Jefferson forbade all exportation of goods from the US, hurting the US economy, repealed in 1809, led to the war of 1812

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9
Q

The War of 1812

A

War between the US and Britain, caused by impressment and Native American attacks led by Tecumseh

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10
Q

Tecumseh

A

Native American leader who led an “Indian Confederacy” against American settlements in the west

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11
Q

Impressment

A

Process where British Soldiers would abduct American sailors and force them into military service

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12
Q

Lewis and Clark

A

Pair of explorers tasked with charting the Louisiana Purchase (aided by Sacagewea)

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13
Q

Treaty of Ghent (1814)

A

Treaty of peace that ended the war of 1812

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14
Q

Hartford Convention

A

Meeting of federalists in Hartford CT to discuss opposition to the War of 1812, federalists were branded as treasonous and the party never recovered

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15
Q

The Era of Good Feelings

A

Name given to James Monroe’s presidency (1812-1825), a time of high cultural pride and political unity

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16
Q

The American System

A

Henry Clay’s plan for improving America’s economy, focused on high tariffs, a national bank, and internal transportation improvements

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17
Q

The Rush-Bagot Treaty

A

A treaty between the US and Great Britain that demilitarized the border between the US and Canada

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18
Q

The Adams/Onis Treaty of 1819

A

The US established the boundaries of their territory, while Spain surrendered Florida and the Northwest Territory of Oregon and Washington

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19
Q

Monroe Doctrine

A

James Monroe’s declaration against Europe to end colonization of the western hemisphere and “mind their own business”

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20
Q

Missouri Compromise of 1820

A

Compromise about if Missouri should be considered a free or slave state

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21
Q

The Corrupt Bargain of 1824

A

Henry Clay threw his support behind John Quincy Adams in the election of 1824, as a result Andrew Jackson lost the race and was bitter towards the two men, ending the era of good feelings

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22
Q

Market Revolution

A

The US transition from an agrarian society to an industrial capitalist society

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23
Q

National Road (Cumberland Road)

A

A paved road which connected the East to the Midwest

24
Q

Fulton Steam Engine

A

Invention that allowed for faster and more efficient movement on water

25
Q

Erie Canal

A

Man made river established in upstate NY

26
Q

The Cotton Gin

A

Eli Whitney’s invention that made it easier and faster to separate cotton fibers from seeds

27
Q

Nativism

A

The fear of immigrants and foreigners by those born in a specific country

28
Q

Separate Spheres

A

The concept of society having different areas for men and women, home is the domain for women and the whole working society was the domain for men

29
Q

Lowell Mill Girls

A

The group of girls and young women who worked in the earliest cotton mills in Lowell Mass.

30
Q

Nullification

A

The idea that a state can refuse to follow federal laws

31
Q

Force Bill

A

Gave Jackson the authority to use military force in NC if necessary during the Nullification Crisis

32
Q

Democrats

A

A political party that mimicked the Jeffersonian ideology of individual liberties and working against political and economic elitism

33
Q

Whigs

A

A political party that mimicked federalist system of federal supremacy and national cooperation

34
Q

Spoils system

A

Jackson’s controversial policy of giving political jobs to supporters and friends (rather than qualified candidates)

35
Q

Specie Circular

A

Jackson’s order that all land purchases would need to be made with fold or silver instead of paper currency

36
Q

Indian Removal Act

A

Law permitting the forced removal of Cherokee Natives in areas around Georgia, led to debates on if US laws had jurisdiction in Native territory

37
Q

Trail of Tears

A

15,000 Cherokees were forced to migrate from Georgia to Oklahoma, nearly 25% of those who made the journey died

38
Q

Bank War

A

Jackson’s attack on the Bank of the US , he believed it only benefited the rich at the expense of working Americans, vetoed the rechartering of the bank in 1832

39
Q

Pet Banks

A

State banks that Jackson chose to put government money into instead of in the national bank

40
Q

Temperance

A

A movement focused on limiting or totally stopping consumption of alcohol

41
Q

Seneca Falls Convention

A

Meeting of Women’s Rights Activists and Suffragists to discuss methods of obtaining the right to vote

42
Q

Declaration of Rights and Sentiments

A

Document that parodied the dec. of independence to draw attention to its treatment of women

43
Q

Transcendentalism

A

Artistic movement focused on the romantic aspects of nature and humanity, rather then religious sources. Believed humans had infinite potential and were capable of perfection

44
Q

Abolitionist Movement

A

Social movement focused on the abolition of slavery as an institution

45
Q

Nat Turners Rebellion (1831)

A

Slave rebellion which led to over 100 fatalities, led to new laws restricting movement of enslaved people in the south

46
Q

Second Great Awakening

A

Religious movement that spawned many new faiths including the baptists, Methodists, and Mormons. Focused on the individual changing their fate instead of your fate being premeditated.

47
Q

William Garrison

A

Author of abolitionist magazine “the liberator”, argued for immediate and complete freedom for all African Americans in the country

48
Q

Dorothea Dix

A

Social Reformer who focused on better treatment of the mentally ill

49
Q

Fredrick Douglass

A

Famed abolitionist speaker, escaped slavery and spoke across the US and Europe about his experiences

50
Q

Susan B. Anthony

A

Women’s rights activist and abolitionist, arrested as a form of protest for trying to vote

51
Q

Antebellum

A

The name given to the period between the war of 1812 and the Civil War, used mostly in reference to slavery dynamics between the north and south

52
Q

Utopian Communities

A

Theoretical perfect communities attempted during the Second Great Awakening, included the Shakers, the Oneida group and the Mormons

53
Q

Gag rule

A

Passed to prevent abolitionists from speaking about slavery in Congress

54
Q

Suffrage

A

The right or ability to vote

55
Q

Moral Suasion

A

Using social pressures to change someones behavior

56
Q

Burned Over District

A

Area in upstate NY which saw many religious revivals and new faiths during the SGA

AP US (6 decks)

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