Unit 2: North American Colonization Flashcards
Jamestown
The first English colony in modern day Virginia
New Amsterdam
Dutch colony in modern day New York
British Colonial Economy
Based on exports of raw materials and cash crops
French Colonial Economy
Based on the trade of furs with native groups
Dutch Colonial Economy
Based on controlling trade within North America
Joint-Stock Company
Business that purchases charters from governments to establish colonies. Able to split financial burden by having many investors
Charter
Permission from a monarch or government to create a colony
Mercantilism
The purpose of a colony is to increase the wealth of the “mother country” through raw materials
Pocahontas
a Powhatan woman (the daughter of Powhatan) who befriended the English at Jamestown and is said to have saved Captain John Smith’s life (1595-1617)
Anglican Church
The Church of England
Quaker
A religious group that believes all people are equal and are basically good. They feel that violence is always wrong, and refuse to carry guns or fight. They also believe in solving all problems peacefully.
Great Migration
Puritan emigration to North America between 1629 and 1643
Mayflower Compact
This document was drafted in 1620 prior to settlement by the Pilgrims at Plymouth Bay in Massachusetts. It declared that the 41 males who signed it agreed to accept majority rule and participate in a government in the best interest of all members of the colony
Pilgrims
Settlers of Plymouth (and the Thanksgiving guys). Came for religious freedom
New England Town Meetings
Democratic style of government, if on a small scale. Towns and cities grew around gathering places, and allowed mass participation in politics.
Virginia House of Burgesses
The first elected legislative assembly in the New World established in the Colony of Virginia in 1619, representative colony set up by England to make laws and levy taxes but England could veto its legislative acts.
Puritan
A member of the Church of England who settled in North America to follow Christian beliefs in a more “pure” way.
Separatists
Puritans who believed the Church of England was too corrupt to be saved. Decided to “separate” instead
First Great Awakening
a time of religious fervor during the 1730s and 1740s. The movement arose in reaction to the rise of skepticism and the waning of religious faith brought about by the Enlightenment.
Anne Hutchinson
American colonist (born in England) who was banished from Boston for her religious views (1591-1643)
Jonathan Edwards
The most outstanding preacher of the Great Awakening. He was a New England Congregationalist and preached in Northampton, MA, he attacked the new doctrines of easy salvation for all.
Salem Witch Trials
Several accusations of witchcraft led to sensational trials in Salem, Massachusetts at which Cotton Mather presided as the chief judge. 18 people were hanged as witches. Afterwards, most of the people involved admitted that the trials and executions had been a terrible mistake.
King Philip’s War/Metacom’s War (1675-1676)
Conflict between Native Americans led by Metacom, and New England settlers over English encroachment on native lands.
Nathaniel Bacon and Bacon’s Rebellion
Planter who led a rebellion in 1676 against the governor of the Virginia Colony
Iroquois Confederacy (Haudenosaunee) (Five Nations)
Alliance between native groups in New York State. Included the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca
Navigation Acts
Laws that governed trade between England and its colonies. Colonists were required to ship certain products exclusively to England. These acts made colonists very angry because they were forbidden from trading with other countries.
Indentured Servant
A migrant to British colonies in the Americas who paid for passage by agreeing to work for a set term
Stono Rebellion
Early slave rebellion where South Carolina slaves tried to free to Spanish Florida
