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AP US > Unit 3: Leading up to the Rev., Nation Building > Flashcards

Unit 3: Leading up to the Rev., Nation Building Flashcards

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1
Q

French and Indian War

A

Conflict between France and Britain as part of the 7 years war, fought in America over colonial territory

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2
Q

Proclamation of 1763

A

Passed by the British after the 7 years war, limited colonial expansion to maintain good relations with the Native Americans

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3
Q

Virtual Representation

A

The idea that American colonists could be represented in parliment by British-born representatives

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4
Q

Sugar act

A

A tax on sugar

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5
Q

Tea act

A

A tax on tea

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6
Q

Stamp act

A

A tax on all printed materials (letters, newspapers, stamps)

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7
Q

Quartering acts

A

Laws that required colonists to feed and house British soldiers in cities

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8
Q

Townshend acts

A

Taxes on goods like paper, glass, lead, etc.

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9
Q

Coercive acts (Intolerable acts)

A

Passed in response to the Boston Tea Party Restricted freedoms and liberties in Mass.

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10
Q

Boston Tea Party

A

Protest where colonists dressed as Natives and threw tea into Boston Harbor

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11
Q

1st Continental Congress

A

Met in 1774 to discuss colonial responses to British laws and taxes

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12
Q

Boston Massacre

A

A protest between colonists and “redcoats” that ended with the British firing into a crowd of civilian protesters

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13
Q

Nonimportation/Boycotts

A

Refusing to buy products from a company or area

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14
Q

Lexington and Concord

A

when Paul revere said “ the British are coming”, the first main battle of the revolutionary war

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15
Q

2nd continental congress

A

Met in 1775 to organize an independent government and discuss if/how they would be able to fight the British

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16
Q

The Enllightenment

A

Philosophical movement that inspired the Founding Fathers and American Revolution

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17
Q

Common sense

A

Book written by Thomas Paine that argued for independence

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18
Q

The Olive Branch Petition

A

Written at the 2nd Continental Congress as a way to restate American loyalty to the British, King George rejected the petition

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19
Q

Loyalist

A

A person who supports the Monarchy

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20
Q

Patriot

A

A person in favor of revolution

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21
Q

Republican Motherhood

A

The idea that women should have better education and rights so they can raise more politically literate sons that support the American ideals

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22
Q

The declaration of independence

A

Document formally absolving the US gov from Britain, included grievances, rationale, and the signatures of 56 representatives

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23
Q

John Locke

A

Enlightenment thinker who proposed that all humans have “natural rights” given to you at birth by god

24
Q

Thomas Hobbes

A

Enlightenment thinker who believed humans are inherently corrupt and need a strong government to unify them

25
Q

Jean Rousseau

A

Enlightenment thinker who stated government was a “social contract” that required both the government and the governed to agree

26
Q

Treaty of Paris (1783)

A

Document signed between Britain and the US that ended the Rev. War and gave land and independence to America

27
Q

Sovereignty

A

Power, authority, of a body to freely govern

28
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

1st Constitution of the US 1781-1788 (weaknesses: no executive. no judicial, no power to tax, no power to regulate trade, all states had 1 vote)

29
Q

Shays’ Rebellion

A

Rebellion in MA by poor farmers and unpaid soldiers, the inability of the US to respond showed the weakness of AoC)

30
Q

Annapolis Convention

A

Called to try and fix the AoC, Hamilton suggested just starting over with a new document

31
Q

Federalism

A

Government structure where power is split between State and Federal bodies

32
Q

Virginia plan

A

Argued proportional representation based on a states size

33
Q

New Jersey plan

A

Argued equal representation regardless of population

34
Q

Great compromise (1787)

A

Fused the two plans and created a Bicameral (two-house) legislative branch. All laws would have to pass through the House of representatives (proportional rep.) and Senate (equal rep.)

35
Q

The three-fifths compromise

A

Determined that each slave would count as 3/5ths of a citizen for population counts, prevented southern states from sweeping the house

36
Q

Legislative branch

A

The House and The Senate, makes the laws

37
Q

Judicial branch

A

The supreme court, Decides if laws are constitutional or not and settles disputes between lesser courts

38
Q

Executive branch

A

The president, enforces laws through federal agencies

39
Q

Separation of Powers/ Checks and Balances

A

Power is shared between the Branches and each has the ability to restrict the power of the other

40
Q

Federalists

A

Supporters of the constitution who favor a strong central government

41
Q

Antifederalists

A

Opponents of the constitution who want power in the hands of the states and citizens (later morph into democratic-republicans)

42
Q

Federalist papers

A

A series of essays written by Jay. Hamilton, and Madison to promote ratification(to make official) of the constitution

43
Q

The Bill of Rights

A

The first 10 amendments of the constitution, secured the rights of citizens and provided more power to state and local government

44
Q

Necessary and Proper clause

A

Article 1, sec 8 of the constitution, congress can make any laws they feel are “necessary and proper” to run the government

45
Q

Strict Constructionist

A

Literal interpretation of the Constitution, government can do only what is specifically stated in the constitution

46
Q

Loose Constructionist

A

Flexible interpretation of the Constitution, the government has implied powers not specifically written

47
Q

Hamilton’s financial plan

A

The US government will take on all Rev. War debts, establish a National Bank to issue loans and make a single national currency

48
Q

Whiskey rebellion

A

Revolt by poor western farmers who were negatively affected by Hamilton’s tax on whiskey

49
Q

Jay’s treaty

A

1794: The US asks Britain nicely to leave their ships alone and remove their troops from American forts, Britain agrees and everyone gets mad at John Jay

50
Q

Pickney’s Treaty

A

1795: Spain lets the US use the Mississippi River and New Orleans port for shipping, everyone loves Tom Pickney

51
Q

Treaty of Greenville

A

1795: Native Americans in the Northwest territory are forced to cede their land to the US and are forced further west

52
Q

George Washington

A

The first president of the US

53
Q

John Adams

A

The second president of the US

54
Q

XYZ affair

A

Diplomatic incident where Americans were outraged by the French demand for a bribe to negotiate with American diplomats

55
Q

Alien and Sedition acts

A

Laws passed to restrict immigrant rights and prevent criticism of the government

56
Q

Kentucky and Virginia resolutions

A

Democratic -Republican resolutions advocating for the ability to void any federal law within the states

AP US (6 decks)

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