Unit 5: Listening and Critical Thinking

Question 1

Listening

Answer 1

a process of receiving, assigning meaning to, and responding to messages

Question 2

message complexity

Answer 2

A message that is detailed or characterized by a number of arguments and related evidence might be difficult to follow and comprehend

Question 3

information overload

Answer 3

the state of being exposed to more messages than we can cognitively process at any given time

Question 4

communication overload

Answer 4

when the constant connections and perpetual linkages one has with others and information via multiple communication modes becomes overwhelming

Question 5

preoccupation / psychological noise

Answer 5

distractions due to one over-focusing on a single task, thought, or message that inhibits effective listening

Question 6

self-talk

Answer 6

internal dialogue we have throughout our lives; an inner voice that is running commentary on what we do and experience

Question 7

sender-receiver reciprocity

Answer 7

senders and receivers adapt to one another and share responsibility for listening effectiveness

Question 8

imagined interactions

Answer 8

mental rehearsal of a message in anticipation of a difficult conversation

Question 9

Paraphrasing

Answer 9

taking another’s message and restating it in your own words

Question 10

empathy

Answer 10

the ability to perceive another’s messages through his or her worldview and experiences

Question 11

critical thinking

Answer 11

internal process that involves:

• assessing the other communicator, the context, and the message
• producing a reasoned conclusion about the ideas being shared

Question 12

source credibility

Answer 12

refers to a communicator’s competence, trustworthiness, and degree of perceived caring toward other communicators relative to the claims he or she is making

Question 13

verbal communication

Answer 13

the sharing of information, among communicators, using language

Question 14

language

Answer 14

a collection of words that are symbolic because they have arbitrary meanings governed by a system of rules

Question 15

denotative meanings

Answer 15

The universal or dictionary definitions of words that groups agree on

Question 16

Connotative meaning

Answer 16

These are contextual meanings that we associate with words, meanings that often express some kind of value beyond the commonly agreed upon definition

Question 17

Abstract words

Answer 17

those that refer to intagibles (such as honor, love, and moral)

Question 18

Concrete words

Answer 18

Words that represent tangible objects (such as car, rock, or a person’s name)

Question 19

Hate speech

Answer 19

communication that vilifies a person or group based on discrimination against that person or group

Question 20

euphemism

Answer 20

a polite and pleasant expression designed to substitute for a term that the sender believes lacks social acceptability

Question 21

power language

Answer 21

conveys your own belief in, and attachment to, what you say

Question 22

bias-free language

Answer 22

communicates respect through being sensitive to others’ sex, race, age, physical condition, and other characteristics

Question 23

immediacy

Answer 23

refers to the perceived physical and psychological closeness that exists between communicators

Question 24

kinesics

Answer 24

The study of body movements, including posture, gestures, and facial expressions

Question 25

emblems

Answer 25

nonverbal movements that substitute for wods and verbalizations

Question 26

illustrators

Answer 26

movements that either accompany or reinforce the meaning of a verbal code

Question 27

affect displays

Answer 27

nonverbal movements that reveal emotion

Question 28

adaptors

Answer 28

movements that communicators engage in, sometimes unconsciously, to relive stress and anxiety

Question 29

regulators

Answer 29

movements that help communicators manage conversation

Question 30

proxemics

Answer 30

the sutdy of the ways in which humans use and manage the space around them as a way of shaping meanings

Question 31

two aspects of proxemics

Answer 31

territoriality

personal space

Question 32

territoriality

Answer 32

how e establish and manfge space as belonging uniquely to us

Question 33

personal space

Answer 33

the “bubble” that we create around ourelves and claim as our own

Question 34

four zones of personal space

Answer 34

• intimate distance (up to 18 inches)
• personal distance (18 inches to four feet) used bu most Americans and western cultures for conversation with friends and acquaintances
• Social distance (4 feet to 12 feet) Implies formality and may be increased when one communicator has more power or status than the other. Most professional and worplace communication takes place at social distance
• public distance (greater than 12 feet away) used for public speaking and lecturing

Question 35

chromemics

Answer 35

the ways in which communicators use time and the messages they communicate as a result of how they manage their time

Question 36

Haptics

Answer 36

describes the use of touch in communication

Question 37

Paralanguage

Answer 37

Category of nonverbal behavior referring to the uses of the voice other than to express words and phrases

Question 38

paralanguage examples:

Answer 38

• Pitch, or the highness or lowness of a person’s voice
• Rate, or how fast or slow a person speaks
• Tone, or the variety of a person’s voice
• Disfluencies, such as the useo f pauses and nonwords (“ahh”, “umm”) and pronunciation (whether a speaker says a word correctly)
• Enunciation, or the clairty with which a speaker pronounces and says a word so that it results in understanding
• Silence

Question 39

Artifacts

Answer 39

The ornaments and adornments they display on or around their physical person