Unit 5 Immunity

Question 1

phagocytes

Answer 1

monocyte/macrophages and neutrophils
engulf (phagocytose) and destroy micro-organisms

Question 2

eosinophils

Answer 2

secrete factors which kill protozoa and worms

Question 3

Natural Killer cells

Answer 3

detect and destroy virus infected/abnormal tissue cells such as virus infected/tumour cells.

Question 4

complements and acute phase proteins

Answer 4

a system of enzymes and control proteins which helps attract phagocytes and make micro-organisms easily recognisable by phagocytes (opsonisation) and lyses micro-organisms

Question 5

cytokines

Answer 5

chemicals messengers of the immune system, both the innate and adaptive

Question 6

How does the lymphoid tissue act in immunity

Answer 6

tissues fluids are drained through lymphatic system before they re-join the main circulatory system
tissue fluid (called lymph) is collected through lymphatic vessels and passes through various lymph nodes and other peripheral lymphoid tissues which act as a trap for foreign antigens

Question 7

MALT

Answer 7

mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues
Peyer’s patches in the intestines and tonsils

Question 8

Bone marrow

Answer 8

responsible for productions of all lymphocytes

Question 9

thymus

Answer 9

where T- lymphocytes need to visit to become a mature T-cell

Question 10

primary or central lymphoid organs

Answer 10

bone marrow and thymus

Question 11

secondary or peripheral lymphoid organs

Answer 11

lymph nodes, spleen and MALT

Question 12

peripheral lymphoid organs are the site where..

Answer 12

antigen is presented to migratory lymphocytes and the adaptive immune response is initiated

Question 13

monokines

Answer 13

cytokines produced by monocytes

Question 14

lymphokines

Answer 14

cytokines produced by lymphocytes

Question 15

interleukins

Answer 15

made by leucocytes and act on leucocytes

Question 16

chemokines

Answer 16

chemotactic cytokines

Question 17

colony stimulating factors

Answer 17

cytokines that stimulate development of WBCs

Question 18

tumour necrosis factor-alpha

Answer 18

can produce almost all symptoms of infection such as vasodilation, increased production of neutrophils, fever etc.

Question 19

what are antibiotics

Answer 19

potent bacteriocides with a high therapeutic index
low toxicity to human cells, but a high toxicity to bacteria

Question 20

taxonomy

Answer 20

classification or arrangement of organisms into ordered groups
life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Question 21

fungi cell wall

Answer 21

chitin

Question 22

bacteria cell wall

Answer 22

peptidoglycan

Question 23

zoonoses

Answer 23

animal pathogens that can spread to humans

Question 24

how does penicillin work

Answer 24

kills gram positive bacteria
inhibit activity of DD-transpeptidase- enzyme necessary for formation of peptidoglycan cross links in cell wall of bacteria.
lack of cross linking weakens cell wall resulting in cell death

Question 25

antimicrobial agents

Answer 25

kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms