Unit 5 Immunity Flashcards
phagocytes
monocyte/macrophages and neutrophils
engulf (phagocytose) and destroy micro-organisms
eosinophils
secrete factors which kill protozoa and worms
Natural Killer cells
detect and destroy virus infected/abnormal tissue cells such as virus infected/tumour cells.
complements and acute phase proteins
a system of enzymes and control proteins which helps attract phagocytes and make micro-organisms easily recognisable by phagocytes (opsonisation) and lyses micro-organisms
cytokines
chemicals messengers of the immune system, both the innate and adaptive
How does the lymphoid tissue act in immunity
tissues fluids are drained through lymphatic system before they re-join the main circulatory system
tissue fluid (called lymph) is collected through lymphatic vessels and passes through various lymph nodes and other peripheral lymphoid tissues which act as a trap for foreign antigens
MALT
mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues
Peyer’s patches in the intestines and tonsils
Bone marrow
responsible for productions of all lymphocytes
thymus
where T- lymphocytes need to visit to become a mature T-cell
primary or central lymphoid organs
bone marrow and thymus
secondary or peripheral lymphoid organs
lymph nodes, spleen and MALT
peripheral lymphoid organs are the site where..
antigen is presented to migratory lymphocytes and the adaptive immune response is initiated
monokines
cytokines produced by monocytes
lymphokines
cytokines produced by lymphocytes
interleukins
made by leucocytes and act on leucocytes
chemokines
chemotactic cytokines
colony stimulating factors
cytokines that stimulate development of WBCs
tumour necrosis factor-alpha
can produce almost all symptoms of infection such as vasodilation, increased production of neutrophils, fever etc.
what are antibiotics
potent bacteriocides with a high therapeutic index
low toxicity to human cells, but a high toxicity to bacteria
taxonomy
classification or arrangement of organisms into ordered groups
life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
fungi cell wall
chitin
bacteria cell wall
peptidoglycan
zoonoses
animal pathogens that can spread to humans
how does penicillin work
kills gram positive bacteria
inhibit activity of DD-transpeptidase- enzyme necessary for formation of peptidoglycan cross links in cell wall of bacteria.
lack of cross linking weakens cell wall resulting in cell death
