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MPharm Stage 1 > Unit 2 Information > Flashcards

Unit 2 Information Flashcards

Fundamentals of Pharmacy Practice

1
Q

SCR

A

Summary Care Records

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1
Q

Discern

A

brief questionnaire which provides users with a valid and reliable way of assessing the quality of written information on treatment choices for a health problem

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2
Q

Websites to help check health research for trustworthiness, results & relevance

A
  • Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP
  • The Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM)
  • National Library of Medicine, via the National Institutes of Health.
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3
Q

NICE

A

National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE).
provides national guidance and advice to improve health and social care
gives information on certain conditions, health protection and lifestyle advice

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4
Q

The Pharmaceutical Journal

A

case based learning articles

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5
Q

Chemist and druggist/pharmacy magazine

A

journal articles for pharmacists
news around pharmacy

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6
Q

CPD

A

Continuing Professional Development (CPD)
term that pharmacists use when demonstrating that they are keeping up to date with their clinical practice which is an annual mandatory requirement as part of revalidation and membership of the General Pharmaceutical Council (GPhC)

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7
Q

How is BNF arranged?

A

arranged into therapeutic areas and introductory information on drugs used to treat a specific indication is included at the beginning of each chapter and sub-chapter.
Information on drug interactions and cautionary and advisory labels can be found in appendices at the back of the

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8
Q

Yellow card

A

reporting suspected side effects

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9
Q

Drug Tarrif

A

resource produced by the NHS, and outlines what will be paid to pharmacy contractors for NHS services provided.
Payments made may be reimbursement or remuneration.

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10
Q

Essential services

A

covering what services all pharmacies must provide

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11
Q

Advanced services

A

additional services can be provided by all contractors when accredited

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12
Q

Enhanced services

A

additional locally commissioned services

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13
Q

PSNC

A

Pharmaceutical Services Negotiating Committee
promotes and supports the interests of all NHS community pharmacies in England.
body that represents NHS pharmacy contractors and works closely with Local Pharmaceutical Committees (LPCs) to support their role as the local NHS representative organisations.

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14
Q

Goals of PSNC

A

develop the NHS community pharmacy service, to enable community pharmacies to offer an increased range of high quality and fully funded services that meet the needs of their local communities and provide value and good health outcomes for the NHS and the public.

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15
Q

Martindale

A

Pharmacopoeia
provide healthcare professionals with evaluated information on drugs and medicines used throughout the world
source of knowledge on existing drugs, emerging new drugs, newly launched products and old preparations that are abandoned, reformulated, or redefined.

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16
Q

How is info on drugs arranged in Martindale?

A

arranged into monographs that summarise the nomenclature, properties, and actions

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17
Q

eMC

A

Electronic Medicines Compendium
contains up to date, easily accessible information about medicines licensed for use in the UK
has information leaflets

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18
Q

What government agencies have checked and approved eMC documents?

A

UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA)

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19
Q

Two types of documents in eMC

A

Summaries of product characteristics (SPCs)
Patient Information Leaflets

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20
Q

Summaries of Product Characteristics

A

tells healthcare professionals how to prescribe and use a medicine correctly
based on clinical trials- gives info about dose, use and possible side effects.

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21
Q

British Pharmacopeia (BP)

A

official collection of standards for UK medicinal products and pharmaceutical substances

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22
Q

Who is British Pharmacopeia produced by?

A

Produced by the British Pharmacopoeia Commission Secretariat of the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA)

23
Q

What is BP published in accordance with?

A

published for Health Ministers on the recommendation of the Commission on Human Medicines in accordance with section 99(6) of the Medicines Act 1968 (ow the Human Medicines Regulations 2012)

24
Q

Immunisation Against Infectious Disease (The Green Book)

A

provides the latest information on vaccines and vaccination procedures for all the vaccine preventable infectious diseases that may occur in the UK. This includes storage and use of vaccines.

25
Q

Local Health Authority Profiles

A

provide an overview of health for each local authority in England
contain data on a range of indicators for local populations, highlighting issues that can affect health in each locality

26
Q

Patient info

A

popular resource used by both patients and healthcare professionals covering a wide range of health topics.

27
Q

Drink aware

A

independent UK-wide alcohol education charity

28
Q

Frank/talk to frank

A

Honest information about drugs

29
Q

Cycle of change

A

by Prochaska and DiClemente (1983)

30
Q

Stages of cycle of change

A
  1. Precontemplation
  2. Contemplation
  3. Preparation
  4. Action
  5. Maintanence
  6. Relapse
31
Q

Precontemplation

A

stage when individuals may not be aware of their problem and have no intention to change

32
Q

Contemplation

A

Providing health information may help the individual to be more aware of the issue and start to think about making a change

33
Q

What happens when an individual makes a commitment to change?

A

fully enter the cycle and all of the research says that they never will go back to pre-contemplation

34
Q

Preparation

A

patients will benefit from support and advice on how to maximise their chances of success. For example, as the patient is preparing to change, the pharmacist could talk to the patient about setting a date to stop smoking

35
Q

Maintanence

A

adjusting to change and practicing new behaviours to sustain change

36
Q

How much alcohol can men and women drink a week?

A

no more than 14 units
6 pints of 4% beer
6 glasses of 13% wine
14 glasses of 40% whisky

37
Q

Four basic stages of consultation

A

Relationship building
Information gathering
Clinical decision making
Information giving

38
Q

WWHAM

A
  • Who has the problem?
  • What is the problem?
  • How long has this been a problem?
  • What action have you already taken?
  • What medicines do you normally take
39
Q

ASMETHOD

A

A Age/ age appearance?
S Self or someone else?
M Medication?
E Extra medicines?
T Time persisting?
H History?
O Other symptoms?
D Danger symptoms?

40
Q

Who came up with Calgary-Cambridge approach to communication skills teaching?

A

Kurtz and Silverman (1996)

41
Q

Calgary-Cambridge approach

A

define the content of a communication skills curriculum, which has been shown to aid doctor-patient communication.

42
Q

Structure of consultation proposed by Calgary-Cambridge approach

A
  1. Initiating the session
  2. Gathering information
  3. Building relationship
  4. Explanation and planning
  5. Closing the session
43
Q

Helmann’s Folk model (1981)

A

centres on the patient’s story using empathy to address the patient’s questions

44
Q

The Pendleton model (1984)

A

introduced the concept of eliciting the patient’s ideas, concerns and expectations.

45
Q

The Inner Consultation (Neighbour (1987))

A

suggests summarising throughout the consultation to clarify that your understanding of the problem is the same as the patient’s.

46
Q

ICE

A

Ideas about problem
Concerns
Expectations

47
Q

Principles of shared decision-making

A
  • support patients to articulate their understanding of their condition and what they hope treatment (or self-managed support) will achieve;
  • inform patients about their condition, about the treatment or support options available, and about the benefits and risks of each;
  • ensure that patients and clinicians arrive at a decision based on mutual understanding of this information;
  • record and implement the decision reached.
48
Q

Four stage approach of personal decision making

A

Gather the facts
Prioritise and ascribe values
Generate options
Choose an option

49
Q

Gather the facts about…

A

the law
professional guidance
professional knowledge
urgency

50
Q

Providing info about medicine framework

A

Introduction
Medicine name and what is it for
How and when to take
Side effects and how to manage them
Warnings and cautions
Lifestyle advice
Safety-netting

51
Q

Health literacy

A

the personal characteristics and social resources needed for individuals and communities to access, understand, appraise and use information and services to make decisions about health. Health literacy includes the capacity to communicate, assert and enact these decisions

52
Q

Dales Cone of Experience

A

Experience indicates that the more actively involved in learning the patient is, the easier it is to remember what they have learned, so including a variety of sources, checking understanding, and the opportunity to ask questions should improve the learning process

53
Q

What does Harden’s spiral curriculum model (1999) focus on?

A

focussed on formal educational settings such as schools and universities,

54
Q

Two types of consent

A

Implied and explicit consent

55
Q

What is considered confidential information?

A

Their physical or mental health or condition.
The treatment or care they have received or may receive.
The professional opinions about an individual’s health or well-being.
Information about their healthcare history or future care needs.
Any information that the individual has provided in confidence.

MPharm Stage 1 (14 decks)

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