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Honors American Government A > Unit 5: Governments and Policies > Flashcards

Unit 5: Governments and Policies Flashcards

1
Q

Bureaucracy Definition

A

the group of departments, agencies, and commissions that make up the executive branch

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2
Q

Department of Defense Definition

A

the department that protects the nation and organizes the military

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3
Q

Federal System of Government Definition

A

a national government that shares some responsibilities and powers with the state governments, but is ultimately seen as the supreme law

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4
Q

Municipal Definition

A

relating to the running of a town

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5
Q

Jurisdiction Definition

A

the territory where a court or government agency can exercise its power

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6
Q

Federalism Definition

A

a system of government where the same territory is controlled by two levels of government with one overarching national government

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7
Q

Local Government Definition

A

a government, including cities, municipalities, and counties, designed for serving local citizens on a small scale and focusing on municipal and local services

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8
Q

State Government Definition

A

a government designed for managing state-level affairs, including maintaining state highways, upholding state laws, and collecting taxes

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9
Q

Critique Definition

A

to question or analyze something for the purpose of improving

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10
Q

Proxy Definition

A

in place of

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11
Q

County Definition

A

the largest of the local government divisions

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12
Q

Municipality Definition

A

provides the governance of a local area, smaller than a county; examples include cities, towns, and villages

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13
Q

Resident Definition

A

a person who permanently lives somewhere

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14
Q

School Board Definition

A

elected citizens who make decisions to administer the local school system

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15
Q

Special District Definition

A

a form of local government that provides one special service or type of services not covered by the county or municipality

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16
Q

Township Definition

A

a type of local government that is a smaller division of a county in some states

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17
Q

Constituent Definition

A

a person who resides within an elected official’s state or district

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18
Q

Excise Tax Definition

A

a tax on specific items that are purchased, most commonly tobacco, alcohol, and gasoline

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19
Q

Infrastructure Definition

A

the public works that include transportation systems (roads, bridges, railroads, airports) and water systems essential for economic activity

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20
Q

Labor Definition

A

the work, especially hard work; or, the workers

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21
Q

Revenue Definition

A

the income received

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22
Q

Sales Tax Definition

A

a tax on items sold

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23
Q

Tax Definition

A

a compulsory contribution made by residents to federal, state, or local revenue for goods, services, or some other transaction

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24
Q

At Large Definition

A

elected by the whole

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25
Q

Ordinances Definition

A

laws passed by a local government

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26
Q

City/Town Commission Definition

A

the five to seven people who are individually elected to serve together as both the lawmakers and those who make sure the laws are executed

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27
Q

City/Town Council Definition

A

the people who are elected to enact laws for the city/town

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28
Q

City/Town Manager Definition

A

the person who is hired by the city or town to make sure the laws are enforced and the government runs smoothly

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29
Q

Mayor Definition

A

a person who is elected to be the head of a city or town

30
Q

Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) Definition

A

the primary agency responsible for policies related to Indigenous Americans

31
Q

Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 Definition

A

the act that granted citizenship to all Indigenous people who had not already become citizens

32
Q

McGirt v. Oklahoma Definition

A

the Supreme Court decision that determined that large portions of the state of Oklahoma were still considered to be part of the reservations of several tribes

33
Q

Sovereignty Definition

A

a person or government’s right to rule themselves

34
Q

“A Century of Dishonor” Definition

A

a book that highlights the treatment of several Indigenous American tribes at the hands of the United States government

35
Q

Indian Removal Act Definition

A

a law passed by Congress designed to move Indigenous Americans from the areas in the eastern United States to the West

36
Q

Trail of Tears Definition

A

the dangerous and deadly journey of the Cherokees from their traditional lands to present day Oklahoma

37
Q

Treaty of Tellico Definition

A

an agreement between the U.S. government and the Cherokee Nation that gave Cherokee land to the U.S. government

38
Q

Progressive Tax Definition

A

a tax that increases the burden on an individual or business who has an increase in income or revenue

39
Q

Regressive Tax Definition

A

a tax that poses a bigger burden on those individuals and businesses that make less money; a tax that decreases when income increases

40
Q

User Fee Definition

A

a tax based on the use of something

41
Q

Adoption Definition

A

the stage of the policy-making process where you try to get people to agree to your solution or policy idea

42
Q

Agenda Setting Definition

A

the first step in the policy-making process, which involves getting people to pay attention to a problem

43
Q

Buy-In Definition

A

the idea that people in the policy-making process are invested in and agree to the policy

44
Q

Evaluation Definition

A

the critiquing of a policy by looking at how it was met with predetermined standards or outcomes

45
Q

Formulation Definition

A

the second step of the policy-making process that deals with coming up with a solution to the problem

46
Q

Implementation Definition

A

the step in the policy-making process that requires coming up with procedures or actions for individuals, groups, or teams to perform

47
Q

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Definition

A

the agency in charge of conducting research and implementing regulations to ensure the protection of the environment

48
Q

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Definition

A

the federal government agency tasked with helping people in the United States before, during, and after natural disasters and other emergencies

49
Q

Intended Impact Definition

A

a desired outcome in a government decision made to improve or protect the public

50
Q

Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Definition

A

a government agency responsible for collecting taxes and administering tax laws; the government agency that collects federal income taxes in the United States

51
Q

Unintended Impact Definition

A

an unexpected result in a government decision made to improve or protect the public

52
Q

Central Bank Definition

A

a financial institution given control over the production and distribution of money and credit for a nation or a group of nations

53
Q

Discount Rate Definition

A

the rate of interest that a central bank charges on its loans and advances to a commercial bank; also known as the bank rate

54
Q

Federal Funds Rate Definition

A

the interest rate that commercial banks charge each other for overnight loans

55
Q

Federal Reserve System Definition

A

the central bank of the United States responsible for regulating member banks as well as formulating monetary policy; serves as bank for the federal government and is also known as “the Fed”

56
Q

Monetary Policy Definition

A

the steps a nation’s central bank takes to control the quantity of money and credit available in an economy as well as the methods by which new money is supplied; the power to control the amount of money in circulation

57
Q

Open Market Operations Definition

A

the activity by a central bank to give liquidity in its currency to a bank or a group of banks

58
Q

Reserve Requirements Definition

A

the central bank regulation that sets the minimum amount that a commercial bank must hold in liquid assets

59
Q

Consumer Price Index (CPI) Definition

A

a measure of prices of goods and services within the economy

60
Q

Economic Indicator Definition

A

a macroeconomic measurement used by analysts to understand current and future economic activity and opportunity

61
Q

Fiscal Policy Definition

A

the power to tax and spend

62
Q

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Definition

A

a dollar measure of the goods produced by the economy

63
Q

Inflation Definition

A

a condition of the economy in which prices become so high that purchasing power diminishes

64
Q

Macroeconomics Definition

A

the branch of economics that studies the economy as a whole

65
Q

Recession Definition

A

a condition that occurs when there are two economic quarters of negative GDP

66
Q

Unemployment Rate Definition

A

a measure of the percentage of individuals actually looking for employment who cannot obtain employment

67
Q

Proportional Tax Definition

A

a tax system where all levels of yearly income are taxed at the same rate

68
Q

Capital Gains Definition

A

tax collected by the federal and some state governments on any capital gains or profits made by people or businesses from the sale of certain assets including stocks, bonds, or real estate

69
Q

Corporate Tax Definition

A

a type of tax collected by the federal government that is imposed on the profit of a business

70
Q

Inheritance Tax Definition

A

a type of tax levied by state governments on individuals who inherit the estate of a deceased person

71
Q

Tariffs Definition

A

a tax by a country on an imported good

72
Q
A

Honors American Government A (9 decks)

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