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Perryland Chemistry - Theory (2005 Standards) > Unit 5 - Chemical Quantities > Flashcards

Unit 5 - Chemical Quantities Flashcards

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1
Q

Dimensional Analysis

A

A method of mathmatical analysis which involves converting between units.

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2
Q

Percent Composition

A

The amount of a given element in a compound.

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3
Q

Scientific Notation

A

A way of expressing really large or really small numbers.

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4
Q

Negative Exponents in Scientific Notation

A

Negative Exponents in Scientific Notation mean you should move the decimal to the left to change the number to standard notation.

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5
Q

Turning Standard Notation into Scientific Notation

A

If the number is greater than 1, the exponent will be positive.

If the number is less than 1, the exponent will be negative.

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6
Q

The Mole

A

A unit of measure.

1 mole = the atomic mass of an element

and

1 mole = 6.02 E23 atoms, particles, molecules, units, etc.

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7
Q

Positive Exponents in Scientific Notation

A

Postive Exponents mean move the decimal to the right when changing a number to standard notation.

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8
Q

Significant Figures

A

All the digits in a measurement that are known with certainty plus a last digit that must be estimated.

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9
Q

Rules for Multiplying and Dividing with Significant Figures

A

The result has the same number of significant figures as the factor with the fewest significant figures.

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10
Q

Rules for Adding and Subtracting with Significant Figures

A

The result has the same number of decimal places as the number with the fewest decimal places.

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11
Q

Percent Error

A
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12
Q

How many atoms are in 2.7 moles of iron?

A

2.7 moles Fe x (6.02x10²³ atoms Fe/1 mole Fe) =

1.6 x 10²⁴atoms Fe

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13
Q

How many moles are in 3.67 x 10²⁴ molecules of SO₂?

A
  1. 67 x 10²⁴ molecules SO₂ x (1 mole SO₂/6.02x10²³ molecules SO₂)=
  2. 10 moles SO₂
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14
Q

9.08 g of Al₂0₃ is equal to how many moles?

A

9.08 g Al₂0₃ x (1 mole Al₂0₃/101.96 g Al₂0₃) = 0.0890 moles Al₂0₃

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15
Q

What mass of copper (II) sulfide is equal to 4.79 x 10²² atoms?

A
  1. 79 x 10²² atoms CuS x (1 mole CuS/6.02x10²³ atoms CuS) x (95.61 g CuS/1 mole CuS) =
  2. 61 g CuS
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16
Q

What is the percent composition of oxygen in CuSO₄?

A

mass of CuSO₄= 63.546 + 32.065 + 4(15.999) = 159.7 grams

Mass of oxygen = 4(15.999) = 64 grams

(64/159.7) x (100%) = 40.1. %O

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17
Q

A compound contains 21.6 g of silver and 3.21 g of sulfur, what is the percent composition?

A

21.6/(21.6+3.21) = 87.1% Ag

3.21/(21.6+3.21) = 12.9%S

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18
Q

Convert 71,200 inches to miles.

1 ft = 12 inches

1 mile = 5280 feet

A
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19
Q

Convert 89.2 inches to centimeters.

2.54 cm = 1 inch

A
20
Q

Convert 5.2L to quart.

1 gallon = 3.785 L

1 gallon = 4 quartds

A
21
Q

Scientific Notation Example

A

Scientific notation (exponential notation) represents very large or very small numbers as powers of ten.

22
Q

To convert a number greater than 1 to scientific notation?

A

The original decimal point is moved n places to the left, and the resulting number is multiplied by 10^n.

23
Q

To convert a number less than 1 to scientific notation?

A

the original decimal point is moved n places to the right, and the resulting number is multiplied by 10^-n.

24
Q

Significant Figure Rules for Addition and Subtraction:?

A

The answer of a calculation based on measurements cannot have greater significance than any of the measurements that produced the answer.

The least certain measurement (fewest decimal places) limits the certainty of the calculated answer.

*Line up the decimal points and report the answer based upon the fewest decimal places.

25
Q

Significant Figure Rules for Multiplication and Division:?

A

The calculated answer can be no more precise than the least precise number from which the answer is derived.
The least precise number is the one with the fewest sig figs.

26
Q

Rules for Rounding Off Numbers?

A
  1. When the leftmost number removed is less than 5, the preceding number is left unchanged.
    Ex: Round 45.2624 to four significant digits: 45.26

  1. When the leftmost digit removed is 5 or greater, the
    preceding number is increased by 1.
    Ex: Round 3.75 to two significant figures: 3.8
27
Q

Rules for Significant Figures?

A

1) ALL non-zero numbers (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9) are ALWAYS significant.

2) LEADING zeroes are NEVER significant
3) Zeroes CAPTURED between non-zero numbers are ALWAYS significant.
4) TRAILING zeroes without a decimal are NEVER significant
5) TRAILING zeroes with a decimal are ALWAYS significant.
6) When using SCIENTIFIC NOTATION all digits in front of “x 10‾³” or “E-3” are ALWAYS significant

28
Q

Subscripts

A

Small numbers to the lower right of chemical symbols. Represent the number of atoms of each element in a molecule.

0₂

29
Q

Coefficients

A

The large numbers in front of chemical formulas. Represent the number of molecules of the substance in the reaction.

2Cl

30
Q

Diatomic Molecule

A

If these elements appear by themselves in an equation, the must be in pairs with the subscript 2.

31
Q

Scientific Notation in TI-84 and class calculators

A

(Number) 2nd EE (Exponent)

Hint: negative button is not the minus button

32
Q

What do significant figures show?

A

Precision

33
Q

Are digits 1-9 “significant” or “not significant”?

A

Significant

34
Q

Are zeros between significant digits “significant” or “not significant”?

A

Significant

35
Q

Are zeros before significant digits “significant” or “not significant”?

A

Not Significant

36
Q

Are zeros after a decimal and after a significant digit “significant” or “not significant”?

A

Significant

37
Q

When adding and subtracting with Significant Figures, ___________________.

A

keep the least number of decimal places

38
Q

When multiplying and dividing with Significant Figures, ___________________.

A

round to least number of sig figs

39
Q

Are zeros after a decimal and before a significant digit “significant” or “not significant”?

A

Not Significant

40
Q

Convert the following into standard notation:
4.386 x 10⁷

A

43,860,000

41
Q

Convert the following into standard notation:
4.39 E-7

A

0.000000439

42
Q

Convert the following into standard notation:
3.7 x 10⁻⁵

A

0.000037

43
Q

The Sears Tower is 1,450 feet tall. What is the height in Scienntific Notation?

A

1.45 E3

44
Q

The Atlantic Ocean has an average depth of 11,730 feet. What is this number in Scientific Notation?

A

1.173 E4

45
Q

Convert the following into scientific notation:

0.00567

A

5.67 E-3

46
Q

Convert the following into scientific notation:

0.00567

A

5.67 E-3

Perryland Chemistry - Theory (2005 Standards) (13 decks)

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