Unit 4 - Bonding Flashcards
Ionic Bond
Metals GIVE electrons, Nonmetals TAKE electrons
Naming Ionic Bonds
State the name of the metal followed by the nonmetal with the ending changed to “ide”. If the metal is a transition metal, add a (Roman numeral). AlCl₃ = Aluminum Chloride CuCl₃ = Copper (III) Chloride
Writing Formulas for Ionic Bonds
Absolute Value Criss Cross Oxidation #’s
Polyatomic Ion
A group of atoms that acts like an ion (has a charge)
Properties of Ionic Compounds
Crystalline Structure High Melting Point Rigid Strong Bond Conduct Electricity (when dissolved or melted) Good Insulators
Covalent/Molecular Bonding
Nonmetals SHARE electrons
Intermolecular Forces
Attractive forces BETWEEN molecules.
Van Der Waals or London Dispersion Forces are the weakest type of intermolecular force and hydrogen bonds are the strongest.
Intramolecular Forces
Attractive forces WITHIN a molecule (Ionic & Covalent Bonds)
These bonds are stronger than intermolecular forces.
Polar Covalent
A type of covalent bond between two atoms in which electrons are shared unequally. Because of this, one end of the molecule has a slightly negative charge and the other a slightly positive charge.
Non Polar Covalent
A type of covalent bond between two atoms in which electrons are shared equally.
Naming Covalent Compunds
You DO NOT use the “criss-cross” method. Use prefixes. The only time you do not use a prefix is when there is only one of the first nonmetal. Remember : 1-Mono 2-Di etc…
Write the formula for Mg²⁺ and PO₄³⁻
Using the criss-cross method and subscripts to insure sum of charges is zero: Mg₃(PO₄)₂
Polyatomic Ionic Formulas
- Metal written first, Polyatomic Ion is written second 2. Use criss-cross method and subscripts to insure sum of charges = 0 3. When using a subscript for polyatomic ions: place a parentheses around the polyatomic formula, put the subscript outside of the parentheses
Polyatomic Ion
Polyatomic Ions ions made up of more than one atom; acts as an individual ion in a compound; charge applies to entire group of atoms.
Ionic Compounds
two words, first names cation second names anion. Indicate charge of transition metal cation by Roman Numeral. MgCl₂ = Magnesium Chloride Cr(NO₃)₃ = Chromium(III) Nitrate SnCl₂ = Tin(II) Chloride