Unit 5 Chapter 16 Flashcards
What are the 4 basic goals of American foreign policy?
National Security
Alliance Security
International Stability
Economic Development
What is the most significant international alliance today?
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Define the term: Foreign Policy
Policies of the United States (or others) designed to achieve American objectives in interaction with other nations.
Define the term: Marshall Plan
The U.S. supplied billions of dollars to western Europe to help bolster its economy after WWII
Define the term: Isolationism
(1790-1890) A foreign policy approach in which a country refrains from interacting with and assisting, or attacking other nations.
What is the biggest factor facing our world today in terms of foreign policy
Interdependence between nations, militaristically, economically, and culturally
Define the term: Monroe Doctrine
The policy issued to European nations to declare that the west was no longer open for colonization
Define the term: Expansion
(1890 - 1910) The policy following the Civil war in which the United States focused on increasing its size and influence around the world. Bolstered by the Spanish-American War
Define the term: Vacillation
(1910-1940) The policy following Expansion fueled by domestic concerns that drove inward attention, and promises of domestic focus towards isolationism again, however America still engaged with the world thus vacillating between two positions.
Define the term: Obligation
(1940-1991) The policy following WWII whereby the United States was essentially the last man standing. Because of this the U.S. played a significant role and was “obligated” to help rebuild Europe and deter new threats as a dominant world power
Define the term: Cold War
The war between the U.S. and the Soviet Union dominated by the arms race, called the cold war because it never went “hot” via weapons
Define the term: Nuclear Deterrence
The policy of discouraging Soviet aggression by building a nuclear arsenal so large that the Soviets faced massive retaliation if they attacked the U.S. or its allies
Define the term: Containment
Confronting the Russians with counterforce whenever they tried to expand the communist empire
Define the term: Transition
(1991-Present…kinda) The current policy which doesn’t mimic any one of the foreign policies which came before but contains aspects of all of them depending on the administration.
Define the term: National Security Council
The organization under the authority of the President who supplies information and guidance to the Oval Office
Define the term: National Security Advisor
Serves as director of the NSC, depending on the administration, they serve an important role in shaping Foreign Policy
Define the term: State Department/Secretary of State
The oldest department within the cabinet, oversees all matters of state with other countries, essentially the countries chief ambassador, but is stationed within the United States
Define the term: Embassies
Government offices or residences located in foreign capitals
Define the term: Ambassador
The head of an embassy who acts as the Presidents personal representative
Define the term: Consulate
Located in foreign ports and trade centers, exist to encourage commercial contacts between the host country and the United States
Define the term: Defense Department/Secretary of Defense
Largest segment of the national government, must be headed by a civilian who had not been in active duty for 10+ years, largely in charge of coordinating branches of the military in regards to National Security
Define the term: Joint Chiefs of Staff
The highest ranking officers of the Army, Navy, Air Force, (Space Force?) and Marines appointed by the President who serve as military advisors and mouthpieces for their branches to the President
Define the term: Department/Secretary of Homeland Security
Created following the attacks of 9/11 in charge of combatting terrorist attacks on foreign soil
Define the term: Central Intelligence Agency
The agency charge primarily with intelligence gathering against foreign powers, allies and enemies
Who are the three main influencers of Foreign Policy
President, Congress, Media
What are the 4 tools of foreign policy?
Diplomacy, Foreign Aid, Sanctions, Military Action & Espionage,
Define the term: Sanctions
Revers of foreign aid, penalties or trade restrictions on other nations
Define the term: Terrorism
The unlawful use of force, particularly against civilians, to achieve a political means
Why does foreign policy change?
Culture, circumstances, foreign leadership, presidential policy, public will
What are the three main cabinet positions tasked with foreign policy concerns
State, Defense, Homeland Security
Define the term: Rogue Nations
Nations that seek to develop weapons of mass destruction, that support terrorist organizations, that disregard international law, violate human rights, and/or threaten regional international security
What are the states classified as rogue nations/states
Cuba Iran Nicaragua North Korea Syria Venzuela
