Unit 5 Chapter 16

Question 1

What are the 4 basic goals of American foreign policy?

Answer 1

National Security
Alliance Security
International Stability
Economic Development

Question 2

What is the most significant international alliance today?

Answer 2

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Question 3

Define the term: Foreign Policy

Answer 3

Policies of the United States (or others) designed to achieve American objectives in interaction with other nations.

Question 4

Define the term: Marshall Plan

Answer 4

The U.S. supplied billions of dollars to western Europe to help bolster its economy after WWII

Question 5

Define the term: Isolationism

Answer 5

(1790-1890) A foreign policy approach in which a country refrains from interacting with and assisting, or attacking other nations.

Question 6

What is the biggest factor facing our world today in terms of foreign policy

Answer 6

Interdependence between nations, militaristically, economically, and culturally

Question 7

Define the term: Monroe Doctrine

Answer 7

The policy issued to European nations to declare that the west was no longer open for colonization

Question 8

Define the term: Expansion

Answer 8

(1890 - 1910) The policy following the Civil war in which the United States focused on increasing its size and influence around the world. Bolstered by the Spanish-American War

Question 9

Define the term: Vacillation

Answer 9

(1910-1940) The policy following Expansion fueled by domestic concerns that drove inward attention, and promises of domestic focus towards isolationism again, however America still engaged with the world thus vacillating between two positions.

Question 10

Define the term: Obligation

Answer 10

(1940-1991) The policy following WWII whereby the United States was essentially the last man standing. Because of this the U.S. played a significant role and was “obligated” to help rebuild Europe and deter new threats as a dominant world power

Question 11

Define the term: Cold War

Answer 11

The war between the U.S. and the Soviet Union dominated by the arms race, called the cold war because it never went “hot” via weapons

Question 12

Define the term: Nuclear Deterrence

Answer 12

The policy of discouraging Soviet aggression by building a nuclear arsenal so large that the Soviets faced massive retaliation if they attacked the U.S. or its allies

Question 13

Define the term: Containment

Answer 13

Confronting the Russians with counterforce whenever they tried to expand the communist empire

Question 14

Define the term: Transition

Answer 14

(1991-Present…kinda) The current policy which doesn’t mimic any one of the foreign policies which came before but contains aspects of all of them depending on the administration.

Question 15

Define the term: National Security Council

Answer 15

The organization under the authority of the President who supplies information and guidance to the Oval Office

Question 16

Define the term: National Security Advisor

Answer 16

Serves as director of the NSC, depending on the administration, they serve an important role in shaping Foreign Policy

Question 17

Define the term: State Department/Secretary of State

Answer 17

The oldest department within the cabinet, oversees all matters of state with other countries, essentially the countries chief ambassador, but is stationed within the United States

Question 18

Define the term: Embassies

Answer 18

Government offices or residences located in foreign capitals

Question 19

Define the term: Ambassador

Answer 19

The head of an embassy who acts as the Presidents personal representative

Question 20

Define the term: Consulate

Answer 20

Located in foreign ports and trade centers, exist to encourage commercial contacts between the host country and the United States

Question 21

Define the term: Defense Department/Secretary of Defense

Answer 21

Largest segment of the national government, must be headed by a civilian who had not been in active duty for 10+ years, largely in charge of coordinating branches of the military in regards to National Security

Question 22

Define the term: Joint Chiefs of Staff

Answer 22

The highest ranking officers of the Army, Navy, Air Force, (Space Force?) and Marines appointed by the President who serve as military advisors and mouthpieces for their branches to the President

Question 23

Define the term: Department/Secretary of Homeland Security

Answer 23

Created following the attacks of 9/11 in charge of combatting terrorist attacks on foreign soil

Question 24

Define the term: Central Intelligence Agency

Answer 24

The agency charge primarily with intelligence gathering against foreign powers, allies and enemies

Question 25

Who are the three main influencers of Foreign Policy

Answer 25

President, Congress, Media

Question 26

What are the 4 tools of foreign policy?

Answer 26

Diplomacy, Foreign Aid, Sanctions, Military Action & Espionage,

Question 27

Define the term: Sanctions

Answer 27

Revers of foreign aid, penalties or trade restrictions on other nations

Question 28

Define the term: Terrorism

Answer 28

The unlawful use of force, particularly against civilians, to achieve a political means

Question 29

Why does foreign policy change?

Answer 29

Culture, circumstances, foreign leadership, presidential policy, public will

Question 30

What are the three main cabinet positions tasked with foreign policy concerns

Answer 30

State, Defense, Homeland Security

Question 31

Define the term: Rogue Nations

Answer 31

Nations that seek to develop weapons of mass destruction, that support terrorist organizations, that disregard international law, violate human rights, and/or threaten regional international security

Question 32

What are the states classified as rogue nations/states

Answer 32

Cuba
Iran
Nicaragua
North Korea
Syria
Venzuela