Unit 5 - Cardiovascular & respiratory disorders Flashcards
Alternative names for mitral valve prolapse
- Click-murmur syndrome
- Barlow syndrome
- Ballooning mitral valve syndrome
- Floppy valve syndrome.
Diagnostic tests for mitral valve prolapse
A doctor listening to the heart with a stethoscope usually identifies mitral valve prolapse during a routine office exam thanks its tell-tale click and murmur
- Echocardiogram: Measurements can determine the amount of blood being
regurgitated. - Chest x-ray
- Electrocardiogram (ECG)
- Stress test: A stress test can be used to determine if angina is a result of MVP or
coronary artery disease. - Cardiac catheterization: This test is performed only if the condition is severe enough to warrant surgery.
What medications are usually used to treat symptomatic mitral valve prolapse?
Beta blockers
Anticoagulants
Low-dose aspirin
Normal blood pressure reading
120/80 or 115/75
Prehypertension blood pressure reading
A systolic reading of 120-139 or a diastolic reading of 80-89
Stage 1 hypertension
Systolic pressure ranging from 140-159 and diastolic pressure
ranging from 90-99
Stage 2 hypertension
Systolic pressure of 160 or higher or diastolic pressure of 100 or more
Isolated systolic blood pressure is most common in:
Adults over the age of 50
When is hypertension diagnosed?
After three or more elevated readings at at least two separate appointments
Systolic pressure
The pressure in the arteries during a contraction of the heart
Diastolic pressure
Pressure in the arteries during the relaxing and filling of the heart
Complications of untreated hypertension
- Heart attack
- Stroke
- Aneurysm
- Heart failure
- Metabolic syndrome
- Damaged blood vessels in the eyes
- Damaged blood vessels in the kidneys
- Memory or understanding problems
Left-sided heart failure
This is the most common form of heart disease and causes fluid
to back up into the lungs, leading to shortness of breath.
What is the most common form of heart failure?
Left-sided heart failure
Right-sided heart failure
Right-sided heart failure usually occurs in conjunction with left-sided failure. The feet, legs, or abdomen can become swollen because of backed-up fluid.
Systolic heart failure
The left ventricle doesn’t contract properly.
Diastolic heart failure (or heart failure with normal ejection fraction)
The left ventricle is unable to relax or fill properly.
Mitral valve prolapse is commonly associated with the following conditions:
- Scoliosis
- Marfan syndrome
- Ebstein anomaly
- Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
- Adult polycystic kidney disease
True or false: Legionella bacteria can travel up to 4 miles in the air
True
Type of lung cancer most prevalent in smokers
Small cell lung cancer
Small cell lung cancer
This kind of cancer is most prevalent among heavy smokers.
Non-small cell lung cancer
Encompassing several kinds of lung cancers, it includes
adenocarcinoma, large cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma.
Treatment for non-small cell lung cancer
Stage I: Surgery, possibly chemotherapy
Stage II: Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation
Stage III: Chemotherapy, combined chemotherapy and radiation, sometimes surgery
depending on the outcome of other treatments
Stage IV: Chemotherapy, targeted drug therapy, clinical trials, palliative care
Small cell lung cancer
Stage I: Surgery usually in conjunction with chemotherapy and radiation
Stage II: Chemotherapy and radiation
Stage III: Chemotherapy and radiation, clinical trials, palliative care
Stage IV: Chemotherapy, clinical trials, palliative care
Lung cancer
Lobectomy
Surgical removal of the lobe of the lung
How long after treatment begins is a TB patient no longer contagious?
Patients with TB are usually not contagious a few weeks after the initiation of TB medications,
but it is necessary to finish the full round of medications.
Mitral valve prolapse is associated with the following conditions
Scoliosis Marfan syndrome Ebstein anomaly Ehlers-Danlos syndrome Adult polycystic kidney disease
