Unit 5 - CA Genetics Flashcards
Angiogenesis
the creation of new blood vessels to feed a tumor
Anti-CA foods are really anti-______.
anti-angiogenic
Benign Growths are only harmful depending on _____ & ______.
Size & Location
_____ tumors are localized.
Benign
How many Americans die of CA/year?
1/2 million
2nd Leading Cause of Death in US
CA
Is benzene a carcinogen?
Yes.
What is an example of a CA that runs in families?
retinoblastoma
Two Types of Retinoblastoma
Sporadic & Heredity
A mutation in RB1 gene will likely cause ________.
Retinoblastoma
Mutations in a cell lineage accumulate w/ ______.
Time
Clonal Evolution
Tumor cells aquire multiple mutations w/in a single lineage.
(Multiple mutations over time slowly differentiates the cells until it is cancerous.)
List some Environmental Factors Affecting CA Risk:
tobacco
diet
obesity
alcohol
UV
Odds Ratio Explanation
Compare Case Group vs Control Group & who had or didn’t have exposure to certain factors
Odds Ratio =
odds that a case was exposed
_______________
odds that a control was exposed
If the Odds Ratio = 1
The exposure is not related to the disease
If the Odds Ratio is >1
The exposure is correlated w/ the disease
If the Odds Ratio is <1
The exposure is negatively correlated w/ the disease
CA seems to be more strongly assoicated w/ ________ vs where they came from.
Where one lives.
(more strongly associated w/ environement than genes)
Proto-oncogenes
nml genes that become ongcogenes when mutated
Oncogenes have _________ gain of function.
Dominant
Tumor Supressor Genes
inhibit inappropriate cell proliferation
Tumor Suppressor Gene Mutations are Dominant or Recessive?
Recessive
RAS mutation
oncogene
p53 mutation
tumor supressor
Mutations can convert proto-oncogenes into _______.
oncogenes
semaph3 is frequently found in what type of Cancer?
Breast CA
Retroviruses
Contain RNA & reverse transcriptase which converts the viral RNA to DNA which can insert into the bacterial DNA
Colorectal CA often begins w/ the loss of tumor supressor gene ____.
APC
