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Cultural differences and interculturality > Unit 5 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is behind the definition of a conflict?

A

When members of a group suffer differences and have the idea that the other person is an obstacle for one to get what he or she wants

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2
Q

Are conflicts always negative?

A

No. it depends on our perception of the conflict and the way we manage it

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3
Q

Can we avoid conflicts?

A

No. It is an inevitable part of our life

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4
Q

What are the positive outcomes of conflicts?

A

It can help societies evolve. Ex: a women’s march was needed for women to get a right to vote

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5
Q

4 types of conflict

A
  1. Internal:
  2. Interpersonal:
  3. Internal group conflicts
  4. Group conflicts
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6
Q

Conflict within the person’s mind

A

Internal conflict

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7
Q

a conflict between two or more individuals

A

Interpersonal

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8
Q

Conflicts between people from the same group

A

Internal group conflict

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9
Q

Conflicts between different groups

A

Group conflicts

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10
Q

Categorization is

A

We put cultures within boxes in order to make our meeting with reality easier

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11
Q

What are the problematic outcomes of categorization?

A

stereotypes, prejudices, and discrimination

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12
Q

What are stereotypes?

A

A mental generalization of a group of people. consists of incomplete and exaggerated thoughts about these people. These are general and passed through time

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13
Q

Can stereotypes be positive?

A

Yes

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14
Q

What is prejudice?

A

A previous judgment about a person.

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15
Q

A prejudice includes…

A

and idea and an attitude. It includes your idea about someone and the way you act out this idea towards the person. For example, being afraid of a person

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16
Q

prejudice is based on

A

stereotypes

17
Q

Discrimination is based on

A

prejudice and stereotypes

18
Q

Discrimination is

A

prejudice in action. It is putting your attitude into action. It is the unfair treatment of people due to their belonging to a specific group. It is both illegal and immoral.

19
Q

Is race purely biological?

A

no. It refers to biological aspects, but it is socially constructed. It is imagined

20
Q

What was the judgment of the 1964 UNESCO report by leading scientists and anthropologists on the issue of race?

A

There is only one race: the human species. It cannot be classified into categories

21
Q

What is another word for race?

A

ethnic group

22
Q

what is an ethnic group?

A

A group of people held together by both biological aspects and culture or religion

23
Q

What is racism?

A

a theory, ideology that says that some biological aspects make some people superior to others

24
Q

What are racial microaggressions?

A

acts that don’t appear to be bad, but that are racially motivated. Ex asking where people are really from

25
Q

What is xenophobia?

A

the fear or hatred of strangers. It is a mixture of attitude, prejudice, and behavior on the perception of him or her being an outsider

26
Q

6 causes of stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination

A
  1. personal experience
  2. Social learning and socialization
  3. the influence of mass media
  4. Illusory correlation
  5. conflict theory
  6. Social categorization: the division of groups
27
Q

what is an illusory correlation?

A

your stereotypes form the way you interpret a relationship. Ex: believing that a mother with darker skin is the nanny of their whiter children

28
Q

what is the conflict theory?

A

a direct competition due to scarcity of resources. In a crisis, immigrants are often blamed

29
Q

Possible impacts of stereotypes/prejudice/discrimination

A
  • Distortion of perceptions: incomplete and false judgments that can influence our environment
  • Selective and biased information. Only looking towards the sources that proves our understanding of ourselves in comparison with other groups
  • Self-fulfilling prophesies
  • Sadness, stress, frustration, feeling invisible, an obligation to act based on peoples prejudices
  • Misunderstanding based on confusion. Lead to conflict, racism exclusion and segregation.
30
Q

Some causes of conflicts

A
  • Misunderstandings due to lack of or no communication.
  • Misconceptions or prejudices about each other
  • Old and unresolved tensions
  • Uneven distribution of power that excludes certain groups
  • Different perceptions of values, beliefs, emotions, facts, and methods
  • Having different personalities, goals, and interests
  • Scarcity of resources or unfair distribution of needs
31
Q

The implicit or explicit emotional struggle or frustration between people of different cultures over perceived incompatible values, norms, face orientations, goals, scarce resources, processes and/or outcomes in a communication situation

A

definition of a cultural conflict

32
Q

Why are there cultural conflicts?

A
  • Complex conflicts that involve historical, economic, political aspects
  • Different cultural and social groups that don’t know each other are living in the same society
  • Different status and roles assumed depending on the different cultures
  • Different value systems
  • Different rules when living together
  • Different cultural dimensions
33
Q

How to reduce possible barriers in communication

A
  • be open and curious about other cultures. do research
  • Ask when not understanding
  • Be aware of the importance of mutual understanding
  • Don’t generalize communication styles
  • Be conscious of body language
  • Avoid ambiguity: make your ideas clear
  • Avoid slang and use simple and frequently used words
34
Q

Personal skills to prevent and solve conflicts

A
  • Be aware of your own prejudices and stereotypes. Don’t generalize
  • Be thoughtful of the way you use language
  • Be empathic
  • Be curious. try to understand the other culture
  • pose questions instead of making statements
  • Coherence between verbal and non-verbal communication
  • Be flexible and adaptive to different situations
  • Observe, interpret, evaluate
  • Active listening
  • Be calm, patient, polite, respectful, and open-minded
  • Rephrase/reformulate to understand the person better
  • Find common ground
  • Be creative and try to find alternative solutions to problems

Cultural differences and interculturality (10 decks)

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