Unit 5 Flashcards
3 treatments for bx maintained by social SR+
EXT
Differential reinforcement
NCR
Withholding attention or tangible item
contingent on problem bx
EXT procedure for bx maintained by social
SR+
Decrease in a response by discontinuing
response-reinforcer contingency
Ext as a process
Decrease in a response by discontinuing
response-reinforcer contingency
Ext as a procedure
Reinforcing one response while withholding
reinforcers for another
Differential Reinforcement
Response-independent or time-based
delivery of reinforcer
NCR
3 treatments for bx maintained by social SR
EXT
Differential reinforcement
Antecedent-based interventions
Withholding escape of an aversive stimulus
contingent on problem bx
EXT procedure for bx maintained by social
SR-
Provide escape contingent on the absence of
problem bx for period of time
DNRO
Provide escape from aversive stimuli
contingent on appropriate alternative
response
DNRA
3 antecedent-based interventions for bx
maintained by social SR-
Non-contingent escape
Demand fading
Curricular (instructional) revision
3 treatments for bx maintained by automatic
reinforcement
EXT
Differential reinforcement
Competing stimuli
A product of the response itself reinforces
the response
Automatic Reinforcement
Masking reinforcing sensory stimulation
contingent on problem bx
EXT procedure for bx maintained by
automatic reinforcement
Noncontingent delivery of items found to
“compete” with response products
Competing Stimuli
A method for identifying items that compete
with the response product
Competing Stimuli Assessment
Difficult or not feasible to implement EXT in
natural environment
Why EXT may be impractical
Increase duration of time in which bx must
be absent
DRO schedule thinning procedure
3 DRA thinning processes
Increase time between response & reinforcer
Increase number of responses required for
reinforcer access
Dense to lean fixed-interval schedule
Increase the passage of time required for
delivering the reinforcer
NCR schedule thinning procedure
3 considerations for selecting a functional
communication topography
Audience
Response effort
Behavioral repertoire
Relied upon by untrained people due to its
quick effects of decreasing in bx
Punishment is a “default” technology
Topographies of bx likely to cause harm to
one’s self and/or others
The use of punishment may be warranted
Data collection (long-term effects) Appropriate procedure for the function Legality of procedures Supportive environment Review and approval
5 common ethical concerns of punishment
Reprimands Response blocking Contingent exercise Overcorrection Contingent electric stimulation Presentation of other aversive stimuli
6 positive punishment procedures
A statement of social disapproval is delivered
following problem bx
Reprimands
Required to perform a response
topographically different from the problem bx
Contingent Exercise
Required to exert effort contingent upon
problem bx
Overcorrection
2 types of overcorrection
Restitutional overcorrection
Positive practice
Required to restore the environment beyond
it’s original state
Restitutional Overcorrection
Required to repeatedly “practice” the
behavior in the correct way
Positive Practice
Required to restore the environment back to
it’s original state
Simple Restitution
Brief electrical stimulus delivered following
problem bx
Contingent electric stimulation
Aversive stimuli delivered contingent on
problem bx
Presentation of aversive stimuli
Physically intervening to prevent the
completion of the response
Response Blocking
3 Negative Punishment Procedures
Time-out
Response cost
Fines/penalties
Unable to earn SR+ for a specified time
period contingent on problem bx
Time out from SR+
2 main types of Time Out
Non-exclusionary
Exclusionary
Time-out procedure where the individual
remains in the environment
Non-Exclusionary
Time-out procedure where the individual is
removed from the environment
Exclusionary
Planned ignoring
Time-out ribbon
Contingent observation
Withdrawal of a specific reinforcer
4 sub-types of Non-Exclusionary Time Out
Partition or barrier
Hallway
Other room
3 sub-types of Exclusionary Time Out
Loss of a specific amount of SR+ contingent
on problem bx
Response Cost
Intensity Behavior chains Schedule of delivery Conflicting rules Delay of delivery
5 variables affecting punishment
effectiveness
Deliver punishment at a high intensity
Intensity
Deliver punishers at the beginning of a chain
Behavior Chains and Punishment
Deliver punishment every time problem bx
occurs
Punishment Delivery Schedule
Deliver punishment immediately following an
instance of problem bx
Delay of punishment delivery
Present a neutral stimulus along with a
punisher following problem bx
Conditioned Punisher
Include procedures to replace bx Program for reinforcement Use minimal intrusiveness Use based on literature & competencies Vary punishers when feasible
5 considerations for punishment procedure
