Unit 5 Flashcards by Stefie Munk

3 treatments for bx maintained by social SR+

EXT
Differential reinforcement
NCR

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Withholding attention or tangible item

contingent on problem bx

EXT procedure for bx maintained by social

SR+

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Decrease in a response by discontinuing

response-reinforcer contingency

Ext as a process

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Decrease in a response by discontinuing

response-reinforcer contingency

Ext as a procedure

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Reinforcing one response while withholding

reinforcers for another

Differential Reinforcement

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Response-independent or time-based

delivery of reinforcer

NCR

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3 treatments for bx maintained by social SR

EXT
Differential reinforcement
Antecedent-based interventions

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Withholding escape of an aversive stimulus

contingent on problem bx

EXT procedure for bx maintained by social

SR-

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Provide escape contingent on the absence of

problem bx for period of time

DNRO

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Provide escape from aversive stimuli
contingent on appropriate alternative
response

DNRA

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3 antecedent-based interventions for bx

maintained by social SR-

Non-contingent escape
Demand fading
Curricular (instructional) revision

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3 treatments for bx maintained by automatic

reinforcement

EXT
Differential reinforcement
Competing stimuli

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A product of the response itself reinforces

the response

Automatic Reinforcement

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Masking reinforcing sensory stimulation

contingent on problem bx

EXT procedure for bx maintained by

automatic reinforcement

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Noncontingent delivery of items found to

“compete” with response products

Competing Stimuli

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A method for identifying items that compete

with the response product

Competing Stimuli Assessment

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Difficult or not feasible to implement EXT in

natural environment

Why EXT may be impractical

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Increase duration of time in which bx must

be absent

DRO schedule thinning procedure

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3 DRA thinning processes

Increase time between response & reinforcer
Increase number of responses required for
reinforcer access
Dense to lean fixed-interval schedule

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Increase the passage of time required for

delivering the reinforcer

NCR schedule thinning procedure

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3 considerations for selecting a functional

communication topography

Audience
Response effort
Behavioral repertoire

Relied upon by untrained people due to its

quick effects of decreasing in bx

Punishment is a “default” technology

Topographies of bx likely to cause harm to

one’s self and/or others

The use of punishment may be warranted

Data collection (long-term effects)
Appropriate procedure for the function
Legality of procedures
Supportive environment
Review and approval

5 common ethical concerns of punishment

``` Reprimands Response blocking Contingent exercise Overcorrection Contingent electric stimulation Presentation of other aversive stimuli ```

6 positive punishment procedures

A statement of social disapproval is delivered | following problem bx

Reprimands

Required to perform a response | topographically different from the problem bx

Contingent Exercise

Required to exert effort contingent upon | problem bx

Overcorrection

2 types of overcorrection

Restitutional overcorrection | Positive practice

Required to restore the environment beyond | it’s original state

Restitutional Overcorrection

Required to repeatedly “practice” the | behavior in the correct way

Positive Practice

Required to restore the environment back to | it’s original state

Simple Restitution

Brief electrical stimulus delivered following | problem bx

Contingent electric stimulation

Aversive stimuli delivered contingent on | problem bx

Presentation of aversive stimuli

Physically intervening to prevent the | completion of the response

Response Blocking

3 Negative Punishment Procedures

Time-out Response cost Fines/penalties

Unable to earn SR+ for a specified time | period contingent on problem bx

Time out from SR+

2 main types of Time Out

Non-exclusionary | Exclusionary

Time-out procedure where the individual | remains in the environment

Non-Exclusionary

Time-out procedure where the individual is | removed from the environment

Exclusionary

Planned ignoring Time-out ribbon Contingent observation Withdrawal of a specific reinforcer

4 sub-types of Non-Exclusionary Time Out

Partition or barrier Hallway Other room

3 sub-types of Exclusionary Time Out

Loss of a specific amount of SR+ contingent | on problem bx

Response Cost

``` Intensity Behavior chains Schedule of delivery Conflicting rules Delay of delivery ```

5 variables affecting punishment | effectiveness

Deliver punishment at a high intensity

Intensity

Deliver punishers at the beginning of a chain

Behavior Chains and Punishment

Deliver punishment every time problem bx | occurs

Punishment Delivery Schedule

Deliver punishment immediately following an | instance of problem bx

Delay of punishment delivery

Present a neutral stimulus along with a | punisher following problem bx

Conditioned Punisher

``` Include procedures to replace bx Program for reinforcement Use minimal intrusiveness Use based on literature & competencies Vary punishers when feasible ```

5 considerations for punishment procedure