Unit 1 Flashcards
Type of work conducted in early behavior analysis
Topography-based bx modification/management
Populations served in early behavior analysis
Prisoners; severe autism, mental retardation, schizophrenia
Conducted the early applications of behavior analysis
Behavioral experimental psychology graduates
Used by ABA pioneers to evaluate effectiveness in the real world
Early applications of EAB
Year ABA was formalized
1968
Caused the drift to behavior modification and management
Institutional need for “behavior modifiers”
Approach used by behavior modifiers
“Topography-based” behavior reduction
Focuses only on problem bx
Behavior Management
4 Characteristics of Bx Mod
Cook-book approach
Topography-based
Technologist
Procedures at the core
4 Characteristics of Behavior Analysis
Individualized
Function-based
Analysts
Basic principles at the core
4 Characteristics of Problem Behavior
Minimizes achieving meaningful outcomes
Minimizes access to reinforcers
Maximizes contact with punishers
May result in restricted access to community
5 parameters of Problem Behavior
Rate (too high) IRT (too short) Duration (too long) Severity/intensity (too high) Wrong place, situation, or time
Model for treating problem bx based on form of the bx
Topography-based treatment model
Characteristics of Topography-based Treatment
Delivered aversive &restrictive punishers
Used artificial &arbitrary reinforcers
Used thinned reinforcement schedules
Cook-book approach
one size fits all
Taught non-functional incompatible behaviors
Topography-based DRI
Alternative bx benefited caregivers and not client
Topography-based DRA
3 Limitations of Topography-based model
Contingent relations not broken
Bx did not maintain or generalize
Problem bx hidden under tight stimulus control
Model for treating problem bx based on the function
Function-based treatment model
An appropriate form of communication is taught to replace problem bx
FCT
FCT Stage 1
Conduct a functional assessment or analysis
FCT Stage 2
Train and differentially reinforce a communicative response
FCT Stage 3
Transfer control to real-life settings and persons
More specific words taugh tand results in a larger speaker repertoire
Mand training
3 strategies for promoting generalization in FCT
Incorporate multiple trainers & settings
Include like stimuli
Sequential modification
Is our subject matter Bx alone?
No; includes operants, respondents, contingencies, functional relations
Are the “functions of bx” only“attention, tangibles, escape, and automatic reinforcement”?
No; typical statements about “function” are oversimplifications
Should antecedents only have a first name?
No; antecedents only exist in relation to consequences (last name)
Can we neglect context?
No; behavior changes in relation to context
Are we effective if we only change behavior?
No;change real-world contingencies to achieve meaningful outcomes
Manipulation of a stimulus produces a reliable &predictable change in a response
Functional Relation
4 characteristics of functional relations
Probabilistic
Nonlinear
Complex
Allows for predictions
Functional Relations are probablistic
Not cause-and-effect or deterministic
Functional Relations are nonlinear
Compared to nonlinear equations in calculus
Functional Relations are complex
Functional relations change with respect to context
Common definition of function
What an organism“does”and “why”
Scientific definition of function
A mathematical relation between stimulus classes and response classes
Problem with using the “everyday definition of function”
Practitioners use teleological explanations
One event depends on another
Contignency
Derive effects on bx from a past history of differential availability with a consequence
Discriminative Stimuli
Derive effects on bx from their value-altering effect on consequences
Motivating Operation
Consequence leads to the development of that discriminative stimulus
Last name of an discriminative stimuli
The consequence whose value is being altered
Last name of motivating operation
