Unit 2 Flashcards
2 or more simultaneous, but independent
schedules for different responses
Concurrent Schedules
Distribution of bx on concurrent schedules of
SR+ to predict response allocation
The Matching Law
4 other variables influencing allocation (choice)
Response effort
Reinforcer quality
Reinforcer delay
Reinforcer magnitude/duration
Amount of effort to complete a response
Response effort
Time it takes to deliver a reinforcer
Reinforcer delay
Overall value of a reinforcer
Reinforcer quality
Amount of a reinforcer provided
Reinforcer magnitude
Length of access to a reinforcer
Reinforcer duration
A previously reinforced bx no longer
produces reinforcement
Operant Extinction
Contingency between the response and
reinforcer is broken
Underlying mechanics of extinction
Extinction procedure for attention seeking Bx
Withhold all attention following the response
Extinction procedure for tangible seeking Bx
Deny access to item following the response
Extinction procedure for sensory effects (automatic)
Mask the sensory consequences of the
response
Extinction procedure for escape maintained Bx
Continue the demand following the response
until task is completed
Unwanted effects of extinction
Extinction burst
Extinction-induced aggression
Behavioral contrast
Spontaneous recovery
Brief increase in response variability
following extinction
Extinction burst
Violent acts directed at the previous source
of reinforcement
Extinction-induced aggression
Increased responding in settings
uncorrelated with EXT
Behavior Contrast
Random re-occurrence of previously
reinforced bx
Spontaneous Recovery
3 strategies to minimize unwanted effects of EXT
Combine with other procedures
Switch to CRF schedule for problem bx
Identify response class hierarchies
3 strategies for mitigating unwanted effects of EXT
Inform caregivers of unwanted effects
Provide caregivers with procedures
Withhold reinforcer if spontaneous recovery
occurs
3 other factors to consider when using EXT
Length of reinforcement history
Baseline schedule of reinforcement
Baseline parameters of reinforcement
2 effects of differential reinforcement
Differentiation
Discrimination
R1 = SR R2 = EXT
Differentiation
S1 – R1 = SR
S2 – R1 = EXT
Discrimination
SR delivered at the end of a time interval for
absence of target bx
DRO
50% to 80% below the average baseline IRT
DRO interval criterion
3 types of DRO schedules
Interval DRO
Momentary DRO
Progressive DRO
SR delivered at the end of interval if no target
bx occurred at that exact moment
Momentary DRO
Progressively greater amount of SR delivered
for each interval criterion met
Progressive DRO
9 common DRO mistakes
DRO for low rate bx
DRO interval above average IRT
Failing to reset timer if problem bx occurs
Inconsistent and extra criteria for problem bx
Accidentally reinforcing other problem bx
Reinforcing “dead person’s” bx
Failing to select a competing reinforcer
Using the same reinforcer to satiation
Failing to use EXT from problem bx
SR delivered for a response physically
incompatible with the target bx
DRI
6 common DRI mistakes
Select wrong incompatible bx Failing to select a competing reinforcer Using wrong reinforcement schedule Failing to use EXT for problem bx Reinforcing a chain of problem bx Failing to also reinforce alternative bx
SR delivered for a response that competes
with the target bx
DRA
4 common DRA mistakes
Select wrong alternative bx
Failing to select a competing reinforcer
Using wrong reinforcement schedule
Reinforcing a chain of problem behavior
SR delivered if target bx is at or below the
maximum responses in a given time period
DRL
3 types of DRL schedules
Full-session DRL
Interval DRL
DRL-T (spaced responding)
SR delivered at the end of entire session if
target bx meets criterion
Full-session DRL
SR delivered at the end of each interval in
session if target bx meets criterion
Interval DRL
SR delivered if a minimum amount of time
has passed since last response
DRL-T (spaced responding)
Type of target bx to select when using DRL
minor bx problem
2 common DRL mistakes
Using DRL for severe problem bx
Using full-session/ interval DRL with naïve
learners
SR delivered if target bx progressively meets
the changing criterion
DRD
SR delivered if target bx occurs between a
specified minimum and maximum rate/IRT
DRP
