unit 5 Flashcards
EXT
Differential reinforcement
NCR
3 treatments for bx maintained by social SR+
Withholding attention or tangible item
contingent on problem bx
EXT procedure for bx maintained by social
SR+
Decrease in a response by discontinuing
response-reinforcer contingency
EXT as a process
Withholding a specific reinforcer following
problem bx
EXT as a procedure
Reinforcing one response while withholding
reinforcers for another
Differential reinforcement
Response-independent or time-based
delivery of reinforcer
Non-contingent reinforcement (NCR)
EXT
Differential reinforcement
Antecedent-based interventions
3 treatments for bx maintained by social SR-
Withholding escape of an aversive stimulus
contingent on problem bx
EXT procedure for bx maintained by social
SR-
Provide escape contingent on the absence of
problem bx for period of time
DNRO
Provide escape from aversive stimuli
contingent on appropriate alternative
response
DNRA
Non-contingent escape
Demand fading
Curricular (instructional) revision
3 antecedent-based interventions for bx
maintained by social SR
EXT
Differential reinforcement
Competing stimuli
3 treatments for bx maintained by automatic
reinforcement
A product of the response itself reinforces
the response
Automatic reinforcement
Masking reinforcing sensory stimulation
contingent on problem bx
EXT procedure for bx maintained by
automatic reinforcement
Noncontingent delivery of items found to
“compete” with response products
Competing stimuli
A method for identifying items that compete
with the response product
Competing stimulus assessment
Difficult or not feasible to implement EXT in
natural environment
Why EXT may be impractical
increase duration of time in which bx must
be absent
DRO schedule thinning procedure
Increase time between response & reinforcer
Increase number of responses required for
reinforcer access
Dense to lean fixed-interval schedule
3 DRA schedule thinning procedures
Increase the passage of time required for
delivering the reinforcer
NCR schedule thinning procedure
Audience
Response effort
Behavioral repertoire
3 considerations for selecting a functional
communication topography
Relied upon by untrained people due to its
quick effects of decreasing in bx
Punishment is a “default” technology
Topographies of bx likely to cause harm to
one’s self and/or others
The use of punishment may be warranted
Data collection (long-term effects) Appropriate procedure for the function Legality of procedures Supportive environment Review and approval
5 common ethical concerns of punishment
Reprimands Response blocking Contingent exercise Overcorrection Contingent electric stimulation Presentation of other aversive stimuli
6 positive punishment procedures
A statement of social disapproval is delivered
following problem bx
Reprimands
Required to perform a response
topographically different from the problem bx
Contingent exercise
Required to exert effort contingent upon
problem bx
Overcorrection
Restitutional overcorrection
Positive practice
2 types of overcorrection
Required to restore the environment beyond
it’s original state
Restitutional overcorrection
Required to repeatedly “practice” the
behavior in the correct way
Positive practice
Required to restore the environment back to
it’s original state
Simple restitution
Brief electrical stimulus delivered following
problem bx
Contingent electric stimulation
Aversive stimuli delivered contingent on
problem bx
Presentation of aversive stimuli
Physically intervening to prevent the
completion of the response
Response blocking
Time-out
Response cost
Fines/penalties
3 negative punishment procedures
Unable to earn SR+ for a specified time
period contingent on problem bx
Time-out (from positive reinforcement)
Non-exclusionary
Exclusionary
2 main types of time-out
Time-out procedure where the individual
remains in the environment
Non-exclusionary time out
Time-out procedure where the individual is
removed from the environment
Exclusionary time-out
Planned ignoring
Time-out ribbon
Contingent observation
Withdrawal of a specific reinforcer
4 sub-types of non-exclusionary time-out
Partition or barrier
Hallway
Other room
3 sub-types of exclusionary time-out
loss of a specific amount of SR+ contingent
on problem bx
Response cost
Intensity Behavior chains Schedule of delivery Conflicting rules Delay of delivery
5 variables affecting punishment
effectiveness
Deliver punishment at a high intensity
Intensity of punishment
Deliver punishers at the beginning of a chain
Behavior chains and punishment
Deliver punishment every time problem bx
occurs
Punishment delivery schedule
Deliver punishment immediately following an
instance of problem bx
Delay of punishment delivery
Present a neutral stimulus along with a
punisher following problem bx
Conditioned punisher
Include procedures to replace bx Program for reinforcement Use minimal intrusiveness Use based on literature & competencies Vary punishers when feasible
5 considerations for punishment procedures
Discontinuing the contingency between a response and a reinforcer is a definition of extinction as
A procedure
DNRO is based on the
Removal of an antecedent aversive contingent upon the absence of the target bx for a set period of time
Types of overcorrection
Positive practice
Restititutional
Effective punishment decrease problem behavior so may be
Negatively reinforcing to the staff member
Social positive reinforcement is what??
Attention, access to tangibles
Social negative reinforcement is what
Escape
Contraindicated
(of a condition or circumstance) suggest or indicate that (a particular technique or drug) should not be used in the case in question.
