unit 3 Flashcards
Manipulation of environmental events prior to
the occurrence of target bx
Antecedent interventions
Generic and function-based
2 categories of antecedent interventions
Used irrespective of the maintaining
contingency (“default interventions”)
Generic antecedent interventions
Used to manipulate part of the contingency
maintaining target bx
Function-based antecedent interventions
MO effects
Discriminative effects
Contingency-breaking effects
Restrict ability to engage in bx
4 underlying mechanisms of antecedent
interventions
Alter consequence effectiveness to evoke or
abate bx
MO effects
Alter discriminative control over bx
Discriminative effects
Break/weaken the contingent relation
between problem bx & reinforcer
Contingency-breaking effects
Make it difficult or impossible to engage in
problem bx
Restrict ability to engage in bx
Antecedent effect on bx
Momentary effect
Only use as a treatment plan component
Combine with reinforcement procedures
Include EXT/punishment if needed
3 considerations of antecedent interventions
Use of structural terms
Use of non-conceptually systematic terms
Failure to identify underlying mechanisms
Failure to use generalizable effects
4 common mistakes of antecedent
interventions
Use functional rather than structural terms
Tie procedures to specific principles of bx
2 solutions to antecedent intervention
mistakes
Defined by effects on bx, other stimuli, & role
in functional relations
Functional terms
Defined by their “features”; not tied to
principles of bx
Structural terms
Setting events
Ecological variables
2 types of structural terms
A temporally remote, or extended, compound
event
Setting event
Non-discrete stimuli overlap discrete
antecedent-behavior relationships
Ecological variables
Discriminative control strategies Environmental enrichment Antecedent exercise Relaxation exercise Cushion antecedent predictors No not mention bad behavior Medical treatment Non-contingent restraints
8 generic antecedent interventions
Alters the discriminative control over
behavior
Discriminative Stimulus Control Strategies
Develop SD for prosocial bx
SDs for problem bx into SDs for prosocial bx
& SΔs for problem bx
EOs for problem bx into SDs for prosocial bx
Transfer of discriminative control
4 types of discriminative control strategies
Non-contingent access to attention, items,
and activities, etc. in target setting
Environmental enrichment
Non-contingently engaged in systematic
exercise program
Antecedent exercise
Progressive relaxation
Behavioral relaxation
Relaxation exercises
Identify the event evoking problem bx and
modify it to abate bx
Cushion antecedent predictors
Do not talk as if the person is not there
Do not mention bad behavior
Used for health-related issues and often
treated by a physician
Medical treatment
Non-contingent addition of highly restrictive
protective equipment
Non-contingent restraints
Preferred stimulus delivered at point in time
without response requirement
Time-based schedules
Fixed time (VT) and variable time (VT)
2 types of time-based schedules
Breaks contingency & abates problem bx
Easy to use
More robust effects than DRO or EXT
3 advantages of time-based schedules
Does not necessarily increase prosocial
replacement bx
Disadvantage of time-based schedules
Stimulus fading in Graduated exposure/desensitization Altering demands (many variations) Provide choice Time contingent escape Relocate client/others Move locale of activities
7 antecedent interventions for problem bx
maintained by social negative reinforcement
Gradual changes of the antecedent stimulus
while the response stays the same
Stimulus fading in
Create stimulus hierarchy and gradually
introduce stimuli from least to most likely to
evoke/elicit
Graduated exposure/desensitization
Alter timing
Embed demands
Provide assistance
Increase predictability
4 ways to alter demands
Deliver demands when an individual is not
engaged in a preferred activity
Altering timing
Place demands in a context with SDs for
SR+
Embed demands
Help the individual engage in difficult/nonpreferred
tasks
Provide assistance
Establish a routine or schedule to inform the
individual of what is next
Increase predictability
Modify features of the task
Redesign curriculum
Use DI, PT, etc.
3 instructional modifications for escape
maintained bx
Options of activities or tasks: order, time of
day, who with, how to do it
Providing choice
Provide frequent breaks on a time-contingent
schedule
Time-contingent escape
Move the client, others, and/or task
Relocate client/move locale of activities
Time-continent attention
Discriminative stimulus control strategies
2 antecedent interventions for problem bx
maintained by attention
Provide attention on a time-contingent
schedule
Time-contingent attention
Salient stimulus introduced to signal
increased availability of attention, then faded
to natural cues
Discriminative stimulus control strategies
Time-contingent access to tangible
items/activities
Antecedent intervention for problem bx
maintained by access to tangibles
Provide access to materials/activities on a
time-contingent schedule
Provide access to materials/activities on a
time-contingent schedule
Time-contingent delivery of competing stimuli
Time-contingent delivery of drugs/drug
substitutes
Transfer of appetitive features of restraints
3 antecedent interventions for problem bx
maintained by automatic reinforcement
Deliver competing stimuli on a timecontingent
schedule
Time-contingent delivery of competing stimuli
Deliver prescribed drugs & drug substitutes
on a time-contingent schedule
Time-contingent delivery of drugs/drug
substitutes
Gradually reduce some preferred feature of
the restraint through fading
Transfer of appetitive features of restraints
